TypeScript 的型別系統很強大,但它的錯誤訊息有時可能很神祕且難以理解。在本文中,我們將探索一種使用不可建構類型來創建清晰的、描述性的編譯時異常的模式。這種方法透過使無效狀態無法用有用的錯誤訊息來表示來幫助防止執行時間錯誤。
首先,我們來分解一下核心模式:
// Create a unique symbol for our type exception declare const TypeException: unique symbol; // Basic type definitions type Struct = Record<string, any>; type Funct<T, R> = (arg: T) => R; type Types<T> = keyof T & string; type Sanitize<T> = T extends string ? T : never; // The core pattern for type-level exceptions export type Unbox<T extends Struct> = { [Type in Types<T>]: T[Type] extends Funct<any, infer Ret> ? (arg: Ret) => any : T[Type] extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Variant <${Sanitize<Type>}> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <${Sanitize<Type>}> types.`; } : (value: T[Type]) => any; };
以下範例顯示如何將此模式與變體類型一起使用:
type DataVariant = | { type: 'text'; content: string } | { type: 'number'; value: number } | { type: 'complex'; nested: { data: string } }; type VariantHandler = Unbox<{ text: (content: string) => void; number: (value: number) => void; complex: { // This will trigger our custom error [TypeException]: `Variant <complex> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <complex> types.` }; }>; // This will show our custom error at compile time const invalidHandler: VariantHandler = { text: (content) => console.log(content), number: (value) => console.log(value), complex: (nested) => console.log(nested) // Error: Type has unconstructable signature };
這是一個更複雜的範例,展示如何將模式與遞歸類型一起使用:
type TreeNode<T> = { value: T; children?: TreeNode<T>[]; }; type TreeHandler<T> = Unbox<{ leaf: (value: T) => void; node: TreeNode<T> extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Cannot directly handle node type. Use leaf handler for individual values.`; } : never; }>; // Usage example - will show custom error const invalidTreeHandler: TreeHandler<string> = { leaf: (value) => console.log(value), node: (node) => console.log(node) // Error: Cannot directly handle node type };
以下是我們如何使用該模式來強制執行有效的類型狀態轉換:
type LoadingState<T> = { idle: null; loading: null; error: Error; success: T; }; type StateHandler<T> = Unbox<{ idle: () => void; loading: () => void; error: (error: Error) => void; success: (data: T) => void; // Prevent direct access to state object state: LoadingState<T> extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Cannot access state directly. Use individual handlers for each state.`; } : never; }>; // This will trigger our custom error const invalidStateHandler: StateHandler<string> = { idle: () => {}, loading: () => {}, error: (e) => console.error(e), success: (data) => console.log(data), state: (state) => {} // Error: Cannot access state directly };
此模式在下列情況下特別有用:
讓我們分解一下該模式的內部運作原理:
// Create a unique symbol for our type exception declare const TypeException: unique symbol; // Basic type definitions type Struct = Record<string, any>; type Funct<T, R> = (arg: T) => R; type Types<T> = keyof T & string; type Sanitize<T> = T extends string ? T : never; // The core pattern for type-level exceptions export type Unbox<T extends Struct> = { [Type in Types<T>]: T[Type] extends Funct<any, infer Ret> ? (arg: Ret) => any : T[Type] extends Struct ? { [TypeException]: `Variant <${Sanitize<Type>}> is of type <Union>. Migrate logic to <None> variant to capture <${Sanitize<Type>}> types.`; } : (value: T[Type]) => any; };
使用具有自訂錯誤訊息的不可建構類型是建立自文件類型約束的強大模式。它利用 TypeScript 的類型系統在編譯時提供清晰的指導,幫助開發人員在問題成為執行階段問題之前捕獲並修復問題。
在建構某些組合無效的複雜型別系統時,此模式特別有價值。透過使無效狀態不可表示並提供清晰的錯誤訊息,我們可以建立更易於維護且對開發人員友好的 TypeScript 程式碼。
以上是使用不可建構型別的 TypeScript 中的豐富編譯時異常的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!