是否可以為 Python 語法新增語句?
是的,可以為 Python 語法新增語句。不過,這需要修改Python解釋器的程式碼。
如何在Python的語法中加入新的語句?
可以修改語法檔案(Grammar/Grammar)為新增語句的定義並修改 AST 產生程式碼 (Python/ast.c) 以將新的解析樹節點轉換為 AST 節點。然後,修改字節碼編譯程式碼(Python/compile.c),將新語句編譯為字節碼。最後,修改符號表產生程式碼(Python/symtable.c)以處理新語句。
範例:
加上一個「until」語句,即「while」的補碼:
<code class="text">compound_stmt: if_stmt | while_stmt | until_stmt | for_stmt | try_stmt | with_stmt | funcdef | classdef | decorated until_stmt: 'until' test ':' suite</code>
<code class="c">| Until(expr test, stmt* body)</code>
<code class="c">static stmt_ty ast_for_until_stmt(struct compiling *c, const node *n) { /* until_stmt: 'until' test ':' suite */ REQ(n, until_stmt); if (NCH(n) == 4) { expr_ty expression; asdl_seq *suite_seq; expression = ast_for_expr(c, CHILD(n, 1)); if (!expression) return NULL; suite_seq = ast_for_suite(c, CHILD(n, 3)); if (!suite_seq) return NULL; return Until(expression, suite_seq, LINENO(n), n->n_col_offset, c->c_arena); } PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError, "wrong number of tokens for 'until' statement: %d", NCH(n)); return NULL; }</code>
<code class="c">static int compiler_until(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s) { basicblock *loop, *end, *anchor = NULL; int constant = expr_constant(s->v.Until.test); if (constant == 1) { return 1; } loop = compiler_new_block(c); end = compiler_new_block(c); if (constant == -1) { anchor = compiler_new_block(c); if (anchor == NULL) return 0; } if (loop == NULL || end == NULL) return 0; ADDOP_JREL(c, SETUP_LOOP, end); compiler_use_next_block(c, loop); if (!compiler_push_fblock(c, LOOP, loop)) return 0; if (constant == -1) { VISIT(c, expr, s->v.Until.test); ADDOP_JABS(c, POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE, anchor); } VISIT_SEQ(c, stmt, s->v.Until.body); ADDOP_JABS(c, JUMP_ABSOLUTE, loop); if (constant == -1) { compiler_use_next_block(c, anchor); ADDOP(c, POP_BLOCK); } compiler_pop_fblock(c, LOOP, loop); compiler_use_next_block(c, end); return 1; }</code>
<code class="c">case While_kind: VISIT(st, expr, s->v.While.test); VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.While.body); if (s->v.While.orelse) VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.While.orelse); break; case Until_kind: VISIT(st, expr, s->v.Until.test); VISIT_SEQ(st, stmt, s->v.Until.body); break;</code>
是一個高級概述。請參閱引用的文章以取得更詳細的步驟和說明。
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