外觀設計模式是一種結構模式,它為一組複雜的類別、函式庫或子系統提供簡化的介面。它用於隱藏系統的複雜性,並為客戶提供更用戶友好和易於使用的介面。
主要目標
情況:
想像一下我們有一個應用程式需要以簡單的方式發送電子郵件。發送電子郵件的過程可能涉及身分驗證設定、SMTP 伺服器、設定寄件者、收件者、電子郵件正文、附件等。我們可以建立一個 Facade 來封裝這些操作,而不是將這整個複雜的過程暴露給最終用戶。
透過 Composer 安裝 PHPMailer
composer require phpmailer/phpmailer
目錄系統
?Facade ┣ ?src ┃ ┗ ?MailFacade.php ┣ ?vendor ┣ ?composer.json ┗ ?index.php
自動載入
首先,讓我們確保Composer 正確管理依賴項並自動載入類別。
在composer.json 檔案中,我們可以包含從 src 資料夾自動載入的類,並新增 PHPMailer 依賴項:
{ "require": { "phpmailer/phpmailer": "^6.0" }, "autoload": { "psr-4": { "App\": "src/" } } }
類別 MailFacade
現在讓我們建立一個 MailFacade 類,它將充當外觀來簡化使用者發送電子郵件的過程。
namespace App; use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer; use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception; // Facade class class MailFacade { private $mail; public function __construct() { $this->mail = new PHPMailer(true); // Create a new instance of PHPMailer $this->mail->isSMTP(); // Set up to use SMTP $this->mail->Host = 'smtp.example.com'; // Set the SMTP server $this->mail->SMTPAuth = true; // Enable SMTP authentication $this->mail->Username = 'user@example.com'; // SMTP username $this->mail->Password = 'secret'; // SMTP password $this->mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS; // Enable TLS encryption $this->mail->Port = 587; // SMTP server port } }
sendEmail 方法
// Method to send a simple email public function sendEmail($to, $subject, $body) { try { // Set sender $this->mail->setFrom('from@example.com', 'Sender Name'); // Set recipient $this->mail->addAddress($to); // You can add more with $this->mail->addAddress('recipient2@example.com'); // Set email subject and body $this->mail->Subject = $subject; $this->mail->Body = $body; $this->mail->isHTML(true); // Set email body to accept HTML // Send email $this->mail->send(); echo 'Email successfully sent!'; } catch (Exception $e) { echo "Error sending email: {$this->mail->ErrorInfo}"; } }
方法 sendEmailWithAttachment
// Method to send an email with an attachment public function sendEmailWithAttachment($to, $subject, $body, $attachmentPath) { try { // Same basic configuration as in the previous method $this->mail->setFrom('from@example.com', 'Sender Name'); $this->mail->addAddress($to); // Set subject and body $this->mail->Subject = $subject; $this->mail->Body = $body; $this->mail->isHTML(true); // Add the attachment $this->mail->addAttachment($attachmentPath); // Send the email $this->mail->send(); echo 'Email with attachment successfully sent!'; } catch (Exception $e) { echo "Error sending email: {$this->mail->ErrorInfo}"; } }
檢定
composer require phpmailer/phpmailer
這是一個實際範例,說明 Facade 模式如何簡化與 PHPMailer 等複雜函式庫的互動。
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