使用通用裝飾器時如何保留原始函數簽名？

Preserving Original Function Signatures When Using Generic Decorators

Problem Overview

Decorators can enhance functions with additional functionality, but generic decorators often replace the original function's signature with a wildcard signature like "args, *kwargs." This can be problematic, especially when generating documentation or introspecting function metadata.

Solution 1: Utilizing the decorator Module

The decorator module provides an easy solution. By wrapping the decorator function with decorator.decorator, we can preserve the original function's signature:

<code class="python">import decorator

@decorator.decorator
def args_as_ints(f, *args, **kwargs):
    args = [int(x) for x in args]
    kwargs = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kwargs.items())
    return f(*args, **kwargs)

@args_as_ints
def funny_function(x, y, z=3):
    """Computes x*y + 2*z"""
    return x*y + 2*z</code>

This approach maintains the original function's signature:

<code class="python">help(funny_function)
# Help on function funny_function in module __main__:
# 
# funny_function(x, y, z=3)
#     Computes x*y + 2*z</code>

Solution 2: Python 3.4+ Enhancements

In Python 3.4 and later, functools.wraps() automatically preserves the original function signature:

<code class="python">import functools

def args_as_ints(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        args = [int(x) for x in args]
        kwargs = dict((k, int(v)) for k, v in kwargs.items())
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper

@args_as_ints
def funny_function(x, y, z=3):
    """Computes x*y + 2*z"""
    return x*y + 2*z

help(funny_function)
# Help on function funny_function in module __main__:
#
# funny_function(x, y, z=3)
#     Computes x*y + 2*z</code>

However, functools.wraps() did not exhibit this behavior in earlier versions of Python.

Other Approaches

Duplicating the signature in the function's docstring or creating custom decorators for each specific signature are flawed workarounds that introduce duplication and maintenance issues.

Conclusion

By utilizing the decorator module or taking advantage of functools.wraps() in Python 3.4+, decorators can be used generically while preserving the original function signatures, ensuring robust documentation and introspection capabilities.

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