掌握 React 路由：應用程式導航完整指南

1. React Router 簡介

React Router 是一個用於在 React 應用程式中處理路由的函式庫。它允許您的應用程式在不同的元件和視圖之間導航，而無需重新載入整頁，從而實現無縫的用戶體驗。

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2. 基本設定

先安裝react-router-dom：

npm install react-router-dom

使用 BrowserRouter、Routes 和 Route 設定基本路由：

import React from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

const Home = () => <h2 id="Home">Home</h2>;
const About = () => <h2 id="About">About</h2>;

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <nav>
        <link to="/">Home
        <link to="/about">About
      </nav>

      <routes>
        <route path="/" element="{<Home"></route>} />
        <route path="/about" element="{<About"></route>} />
      </routes>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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3. 巢狀路由

對於更複雜的應用程序，您可以嵌套路由。以下是如何在父元件中設定巢狀路由：

import React from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router-dom';

const Dashboard = () => <h2 id="Dashboard-Home">Dashboard Home</h2>;
const Profile = () => <h2 id="Your-Profile">Your Profile</h2>;

const DashboardLayout = () => {
  return (
    <div>
      <nav>
        <link to="/dashboard">Home
        <link to="/dashboard/profile">Profile
      </nav>
      <routes>
        <route path="/" element="{<Dashboard"></route>} />
        <route path="profile" element="{<Profile"></route>} />
      </routes>
    </div>
  );
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <routes>
        <route path="/dashboard/*" element="{<DashboardLayout"></route>} />
      </routes>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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4. 動態路由

動態路由可讓您在 URL 中傳遞參數。以下是定義和存取動態路線的方法：

import { useParams } from 'react-router-dom';

const User = () => {
  const { id } = useParams();
  return <h2 id="User-ID-id">User ID: {id}</h2>;
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <nav>
        <link to="/user/1">User 1
        <link to="/user/2">User 2
      </nav>

      <routes>
        <route path="/user/:id" element="{<User"></route>} />
      </routes>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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5. 受保護路線

要實現受保護的路由，您可以建立自訂 PrivateRoute 元件：

import { Navigate, Outlet } from 'react-router-dom';

const useAuth = () => {
  const user = { loggedIn: true }; // Replace with actual auth logic
  return user && user.loggedIn;
};

const PrivateRoute = () => {
  const isAuth = useAuth();
  return isAuth ? <outlet></outlet> : <navigate to="/login"></navigate>;
};

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <routes>
        <route path="/login" element="{<Login"></route>} />
        <route path="/dashboard" element="{<PrivateRoute"></route>}>
          <route path="" element="{<Dashboard"></route>} />
        
      </routes>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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6. 程序化導航

有時，您可能想要以程式設計方式導航，例如在提交表單後。在 React Router v6 中使用 useNavigate 鉤子：

import { useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';

const Login = () => {
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  const handleLogin = () => {
    // Login logic here...
    navigate('/dashboard');
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h2 id="Login">Login</h2>
      <button onclick="{handleLogin}">Login</button>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Login;

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7. 404 頁

透過建立包羅萬象的路由來處理 404（找不到）錯誤：

const NotFound = () => <h2 id="Page-Not-Found">404 - Page Not Found</h2>;

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <routes>
        <route path="/" element="{<Home"></route>} />
        <route path="/about" element="{<About"></route>} />
        <route path="*" element="{<NotFound"></route>} />
      </routes>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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8. 性能考慮因素

對於大型應用程序，延遲載入路由可以提高效能。以下是如何使用 React.lazy() 和 Suspense 實現延遲載入：

import React, { Suspense, lazy } from 'react';
import { BrowserRouter as Router, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';

const Home = lazy(() => import('./Home'));
const About = lazy(() => import('./About'));

const App = () => {
  return (
    <router>
      <suspense fallback="{<div">Loading...}>
        <routes>
          <route path="/" element="{<Home"></route>} />
          <route path="/about" element="{<About"></route>} />
        </routes>
      </suspense>
    </router>
  );
};

export default App;

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