React 的新增功能和程式碼範例
- WBOY原創
- 2024-09-11 06:30:03406瀏覽
React 19 現已推出，它包含的功能可將效能和效率推向新的高度。無論您是經驗豐富的專業人士還是剛開始接觸 React，這些更新都一定會吸引您的注意力。
首先是新的 React 編譯器。這個壞男孩會在構建時優化您的程式碼，使您的應用程式更快、更有效率。不再擔心臃腫的捆綁包會拖慢您的速度。
接下來，伺服器元件。這些可以讓您將渲染任務卸載到伺服器，從而減少客戶端的工作負載。這意味著更快的載入時間和更流暢的用戶體驗。
然後我們有操作。這些透過整合狀態更新和副作用來簡化狀態管理。告別凌亂的程式碼，迎接更乾淨、更容易維護的專案。
文件元資料管理是另一個很酷的功能。現在，您可以直接在元件中管理標題和元標記等元資料。這簡化了 SEO 任務並使您的程式碼庫更具凝聚力。
增強的資產加載透過允許更有效地處理靜態資產來加強遊戲。更快地載入圖像、字體和其他資源，使您的應用程式更快回應。
新掛鉤。這些為您的功能組件帶來了更多功能，使您可以輕鬆管理狀態和副作用。新的鉤子提供了更多的靈活性和控制力，使您的 React 程式碼更乾淨、更有效率。
每個功能都將在接下來的部分中詳細探討。請繼續關注並準備好深入研究 React 19 的激動人心的世界！
React 編譯器增強功能
19 版本中的 React Compiler 讓 React 開發變得更好。它將 React 程式碼轉換為常規 JavaScript，處理記憶並改善狀態變更和 UI 更新。您不再需要使用 useMemo()、useCallback() 或 memo。編譯器會為您完成這些工作，讓您的程式碼更乾淨、更快。
透過這個新的編譯器，React 可以確定何時更新 UI，使開發變得更加容易。由於這些改進，您的應用程式的運行速度可能會提高一倍。 Instagram 已經在現實情況中使用了 React Compiler，表明它運作良好。
如果您是 React 新手並希望了解其基本功能，您可能有興趣探索 React Hooks for Beginners 的基礎知識。本指南全面介紹如何使用 useState 和 useEffect 等鉤子，這些鉤子對於管理功能元件中的狀態至關重要。
這是編譯器如何運作的簡單範例：
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function Counter() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return (
<div>
<p>You clicked {count} times</p>
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>
Click me
</button>
</div>
);
}
在此範例中，React 編譯器可讓 Counter 元件變得更好。它可以有效地處理狀態變更和更新，而無需添加額外的程式碼。
React 編譯器可將最佳化自動化，提高效能並使程式碼更易於維護。 React 19 帶來了許多新功能，讓您的開發體驗更好。
了解伺服器組件
React 19 中的伺服器元件改變了遊戲規則。它們在伺服器上運行並將 HTML 發送到客戶端。這意味著更快的頁面加載、更好的 SEO 以及發送給用戶的 JavaScript 更少。
這些元件非常適合資源密集任務或需要在頁面顯示之前完成的任務。透過在伺服器上處理這些，您的應用程式將變得更有效率。
伺服器元件與 Next.js 無縫整合。他們使用“use server”指令來指定元件應在伺服器上運行。這使您的客戶端程式碼變得輕量級且敏捷。
這是一個簡單的範例：
// server.js
import { useServer } from 'react';
function ServerComponent() {
useServer();
const data = fetchDataFromAPI(); // Assume this fetches data from an API
return (
<div>
<h1>Data from Server</h1>
<p>{data}</p>
</div>
);
}
export default ServerComponent;
在此範例中，ServerComponent 從伺服器上的 API 取得資料。然後 HTML 被傳送到客戶端，使頁面載入速度更快。無需等待客戶端 JavaScript 來獲取資料。
伺服器元件也讓 API 呼叫等伺服器端任務更有效率。在頁面交付之前在伺服器上處理這些意味著您的用戶可以獲得更快、更流暢的體驗。
對於有興趣進一步優化 JavaScript 應用程式的人，請考慮掌握程式碼分割技術以縮短載入時間並提高效能。
簡而言之，伺服器元件使您的 React 應用程式更快、更有效率。它們減少了客戶端工作量，改善了搜尋引擎優化，並加快了頁面載入速度。在您的下一個項目中嘗試一下。
透過操作簡化表單處理
React 19 的 Actions 讓表單處理變得更容易。它們取代了 onSubmit 並使用 HTML 表單屬性進行伺服器端執行，處理客戶端或伺服器端的同步和非同步操作。
操作引入了待處理狀態。當您提交表單時，它會在請求開始時激活，並在最終狀態更新後重置。這可以使 UI 在資料變更期間保持回應。
Here's how to use Actions in a form:
import React from 'react';
function MyForm() {
return (
<form action="/submit" method="post">
<label>
Name:
<input type="text" name="name" />
</label>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
);
}
export default MyForm;
In this example, the action attribute handles data submission. This setup works for client and server-side operations without extra JavaScript for the onSubmit event.
Actions improve data management and interactions on web pages. Using HTML form attributes simplifies state updates and keeps the UI interactive. As a result, forms become easier to handle and less likely to break.
React 19's Actions help developers write simpler code and improve performance. Try Actions in your next project - you might find it makes things work better.
Managing Document Metadata
React 19 makes managing document metadata a breeze with the new
Here's a quick example:
import React from 'react';
import { DocumentHead } from 'react';
function MyPage() {
const pageTitle = "Welcome to My Page";
const pageDescription = "This is an example page showing off React 19's new DocumentHead component.";
return (
<div>
<DocumentHead>
<title>{pageTitle}</title>
<meta name="description" content={pageDescription} />
</DocumentHead>
<h1>{pageTitle}</h1>
<p>{pageDescription}</p>
</div>
);
}
export default MyPage;
In this snippet,
Dynamic metadata changes based on the application state, something that was cumbersome with libraries like React Helmet. Now, React 19 handles it natively, making your SEO practices more efficient.
Using
For those interested in how modern JavaScript features can further optimize your web applications, understanding techniques like tree shaking to eliminate dead code is essential. This optimization technique, particularly useful in conjunction with ES6 modules, can significantly enhance performance by reducing the final bundle size.
React 19's
Improved Web Components Integration
React 19 makes integrating Web Components easier. You can now use custom elements, shadow DOM, and HTML templates without extra packages or conversions. This boosts flexibility and compatibility in frontend development.
Web Components let you create reusable components with standard HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. React 19's improved support means you can drop these straight into your React projects. This reduces friction and simplifies your development process.
Here's a basic example of how to incorporate a Web Component into a React app:
First, define your Web Component:
// my-web-component.js
class MyWebComponent extends HTMLElement {
constructor() {
super();
const shadow = this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
shadow.innerHTML = `
<style>
p {
color: blue;
}
</style>
<p>Hello from Web Component!</p>
`;
}
}
customElements.define('my-web-component', MyWebComponent);
Next, use this Web Component in your React component:
import React from 'react';
import './my-web-component.js';
function App() {
return (
<div>
<h1>React and Web Components</h1>
<my-web-component></my-web-component>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
In this example, MyWebComponent is defined with a shadow DOM and some styles. It's then used in the App component like any other HTML element. No extra libraries or tools are needed.
This seamless integration lets you leverage the power of Web Components within your React projects. It’s a great way to reuse code and maintain consistency across different parts of your application.
React 19's enhanced support for Web Components opens up new possibilities for your development workflow. You get the best of both worlds: React's powerful ecosystem and the flexibility of custom elements. Give it a try in your next project.
Optimized Asset Loading
Asset loading in React 19 significantly improves. It makes loading images, scripts, stylesheets, and fonts faster and more efficient. By using features like Suspense and new Resource Loading APIs (preload and preinit), you can ensure your assets load in the background, reducing wait times and improving user experience.
Suspense helps you load components or assets in the background, showing a fallback UI until everything is ready. This keeps your app responsive and smooth.
Here's a basic example:
import React, { Suspense, lazy } from 'react';
const LazyImage = lazy(() => import('./LazyImage'));
function App() {
return (
<div>
<h1>Optimized Asset Loading</h1>
<Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
<LazyImage />
</Suspense>
</div>
);
}
export default App;
In this code, LazyImage loads in the background, and a fallback UI appears until it's ready. This improves the perceived performance and keeps users engaged.
The preload and preinit APIs let you control when and how assets load, ensuring critical resources are available when needed.
Here's an example of using preload:
<link rel="preload" href="/path/to/image.jpg" as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="/path/to/style.css" as="style">
In this HTML snippet, the preload attribute ensures the image and stylesheet load early, reducing the time users wait for these resources.
Using preinit is similar. It preloads scripts to ensure they're ready when needed:
<link rel="preinit" href="/path/to/script.js" as="script">
By using these techniques together, you can load critical assets efficiently, reducing page load times and improving the overall user experience. React 19's enhanced asset loading capabilities make it easier to build fast, responsive applications.
For more insights on optimizing your JavaScript modules, you might find it useful to read my detailed comparison on using require vs import in JavaScript. These features improve user experience and engagement. React 19's optimized asset loading is one of many improvements to the development process.
New Hooks in React 19
React 19 brings some exciting new hooks to the table that make handling state and async operations easier. Let’s dive into these new hooks: useOptimistic, useFormStatus, useFormState, and use.
useOptimistic: This hook helps manage optimistic UI updates. It allows your UI to update immediately, even before the server confirms the changes. This makes your app feel faster and more responsive.
import { useOptimistic } from 'react';
function LikeButton({ postId }) {
const [isLiked, setIsLiked] = useOptimistic(false);
const handleLike = async () => {
setIsLiked(true);
await api.likePost(postId);
};
return (
<button onClick={handleLike}>
{isLiked ? 'Liked' : 'Like'}
</button>
);
}
useFormStatus: This hook keeps track of the status of form fields. It’s great for showing loading states or validation messages.
import { useFormStatus } from 'react';
function MyForm() {
const { isSubmitting, isValid } = useFormStatus();
return (
<form action="/submit" method="post">
<label>
Name:
<input type="text" name="name" />
</label>
<button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting || !isValid}>
{isSubmitting ? 'Submitting...' : 'Submit'}
</button>
</form>
);
}
useFormState: This one helps manage the state of your forms. It updates state based on form actions, simplifying form management.
import { useFormState } from 'react';
function ContactForm() {
const { values, handleChange } = useFormState({
name: '',
email: '',
});
return (
<form>
<label>
Name:
<input type="text" name="name" value={values.name} onChange={handleChange} />
</label>
<label>
Email:
<input type="email" name="email" value={values.email} onChange={handleChange} />
</label>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
);
}
use: This hook simplifies working with promises and async code. It fetches and utilizes resources within components, reducing boilerplate code.
import { use } from 'react';
function UserProfile({ userId }) {
const user = use(fetchUserProfile(userId));
return (
<div>
<h1>{user.name}</h1>
<p>{user.bio}</p>
</div>
);
}
These new hooks in React 19 make your code cleaner and more efficient. They simplify state management and async operations, making development smoother. Try them out in your next project!
Using the Use() Hook
React 19 introduces the use() hook, making handling promises and async operations a breeze. This hook lets you fetch data and manage async tasks directly within your components, cutting down on boilerplate code.
Here's a basic example to get you started:
import { use } from 'react';
function UserProfile({ userId }) {
const user = use(fetchUserProfile(userId));
return (
<div>
<h1>{user.name}</h1>
<p>{user.bio}</p>
</div>
);
}
In this example, use() fetches user data from an async function fetchUserProfile. The fetched data is then used directly within the component, making the code cleaner and more straightforward.
You can also use use() for more complex operations, such as fetching multiple resources:
import { use } from 'react';
function Dashboard() {
const user = use(fetchUser());
const posts = use(fetchPosts(user.id));
return (
<div>
<h1>Welcome, {user.name}</h1>
<ul>
{posts.map(post => (
<li key={post.id}>{post.title}</li>
))}
</ul>
</div>
);
}
Here, use() first fetches user data, then fetches posts based on the user ID. This chaining of async operations keeps your component logic tidy and easy to follow.
The use() hook can even handle conditional logic:
import { use } from 'react';
function Notifications({ userId }) {
const notifications = use(userId ? fetchNotifications(userId) : Promise.resolve([]));
return (
<ul>
{notifications.map(note => (
<li key={note.id}>{note.message}</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
In this snippet, use() fetches notifications only if userId is provided. Otherwise, it returns an empty array. This makes the component logic adaptable and concise.
React 19's use() hook simplifies async data handling, making your code cleaner and more maintainable. Try it out to streamline your next project!
Form Handling with useFormStatus and useFormState
Form handling in React 19 gets a significant boost with the introduction of useFormStatus and useFormState. These hooks simplify managing form submission status and state updates, making your forms more efficient and user-friendly.
The useFormStatus hook keeps track of the form's submission status. It helps display pending states and handle submission results. This means your users get immediate feedback, enhancing their experience.
Here's a quick example of useFormStatus in action:
import { useFormStatus } from 'react';
function MyForm() {
const { isSubmitting, isValid } = useFormStatus();
return (
<form action="/submit" method="post">
<label>
Name:
<input type="text" name="name" />
</label>
<button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting || !isValid}>
{isSubmitting ? 'Submitting...' : 'Submit'}
</button>
</form>
);
}
In this example, useFormStatus provides isSubmitting and isValid states. The button disables while submitting, giving users clear feedback.
Next, the useFormState hook manages form state based on form actions. It updates state efficiently, keeping your code clean and maintainable.
Here’s how you can use useFormState:
import { useFormState } from 'react';
function ContactForm() {
const { values, handleChange } = useFormState({
name: '',
email: '',
});
return (
<form>
<label>
Name:
<input type="text" name="name" value={values.name} onChange={handleChange} />
</label>
<label>
Email:
<input type="email" name="email" value={values.email} onChange={handleChange} />
</label>
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
);
}
In this snippet, useFormState helps manage the form's input values. The handleChange function updates the state, making form handling straightforward.
For more advanced techniques in managing your codebase, you might find my Git Cheat Sheet useful. It covers foundational commands, branching, merging, and more.
useFormStatus and useFormState streamline form management. They provide a more responsive and intuitive experience for both developers and users. Try these hooks in your next project to see how they can simplify your form handling.
Optimistic UI with useOptimistic
The useOptimistic hook in React 19 new features makes handling UI updates during async operations easier. It lets your UI show changes instantly, even before the server confirms them. This is called optimistic UI, and it makes your app feel faster and more responsive.
With useOptimistic, your interface updates right away while the async task runs in the background. If something goes wrong, you can undo the changes. This quick feedback keeps users engaged and makes wait times feel shorter.
Here's a simple example of how it works:
import { useOptimistic } from 'react';
function LikeButton({ postId }) {
const [isLiked, setIsLiked] = useOptimistic(false);
const handleLike = async () => {
setIsLiked(true);
try {
await api.likePost(postId);
} catch (error) {
setIsLiked(false); // Undo if the request fails
}
};
return (
<button onClick={handleLike}>
{isLiked ? 'Liked' : 'Like'}
</button>
);
}
In this example, the LikeButton component uses useOptimistic to update the like state right when the button is clicked. If the api.likePost call fails, it reverts the state, keeping data consistent.
Using useOptimistic makes your app feel snappier and more interactive. Users get instant feedback, creating a smoother experience. This hook is great for actions like liking a post, adding items to a cart, or any task where quick feedback matters.
React 19's useOptimistic hook makes it easier to implement optimistic UI, helping you build more engaging and user-friendly apps. For more insights on integrating design into your development process, check out my article on how Agile methodologies should not exclude design. Give it a try in your next project - you'll quickly see how it improves things.
Steps to Upgrade to React 19
Upgrading to React 19 is straightforward. Follow these steps to ensure a smooth transition:
- Update Dependencies: First, update React and ReactDOM to the latest version. Run the following command in your project directory:
npm install react@19 react-dom@19
- Check for Deprecated Features: Go through the release notes for React 19. Identify any deprecated features and update your code accordingly. This step is crucial to avoid any surprises during the upgrade.
- Run Tests: Ensure your test suite passes with the new version. Running your tests early helps catch any potential issues that the upgrade might introduce. Use the following command to run your tests:
npm test
- Monitor Performance: After upgrading, keep an eye on your application's performance. Look out for any regressions. Tools like React Profiler can help you monitor performance changes.
import { Profiler } from 'react';
function App() {
return (
<Profiler
id="App"
onRender={(id, phase, actualDuration) => {
console.log({ id, phase, actualDuration });
}}
>
<YourComponent />
</Profiler>
); }
- Fix Any Issues: Address any problems that arise during testing and performance monitoring. Make sure your application runs smoothly with React 19.
If you're interested in the tools and technologies I use to enhance productivity and creativity in my development workflow, check out my curated list of technology and equipment.
Following these steps will help you upgrade to React 19 without major hiccups. Happy coding!
Wrapping Up React 19 Features
React 19 brings a host of new features that make development smoother and more efficient. The new React Compiler automatically optimizes your code, speeding up your apps without extra effort. Server Components shift heavy lifting to the server, resulting in faster load times and better SEO.
Actions simplify state management, making your code cleaner and more maintainable. Document Metadata Management streamlines SEO tasks by letting you manage titles and meta tags directly within your components. Enhanced Asset Loading makes your app more responsive by efficiently handling static resources.
The introduction of new hooks like useOptimistic, useFormStatus, useFormState, and use provide more flexibility and control in functional components. These hooks simplify async operations and state management, making your code cleaner and more efficient.
Overall, React 19's updates focus on improving performance and developer experience. Whether you're optimizing assets, managing metadata, or handling async operations, these new features help you build faster, more efficient applications. Give React 19 a go in your next project and experience the improvements firsthand.
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