首頁 >後端開發 >php教程 >CakePHP 路由

CakePHP 路由

王林
王林原創
2024-09-10 17:25:07550瀏覽

在本章中,我們將學習以下與路由相關的主題 -

  • 路由簡介
  • 轉乘路線
  • 將參數傳遞給路由
  • 產生網址
  • 重新導向網址

路由簡介

在本節中,我們將了解如何實作路由、如何將參數從 URL 傳遞到控制器的操作、如何產生 URL 以及如何重新導向到特定 URL。通常,路由在檔案 config/routes.php 中實作。路由可以透過兩種方式實現 -

  • 靜態方法
  • 範圍內的路線建構器

這裡有一個展示這兩種類型的範例。

// Using the scoped route builder.
Router::scope('/', function ($routes) {
   $routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);
});
// Using the static method.
Router::connect('/', ['controller' => 'Articles', 'action' => 'index']);

這兩個方法都會執行ArticlesController的index方法。在這兩種方法中,作用域路由建構器提供了更好的效能。

轉乘路線

Router::connect()方法用於連接路由。以下是該方法的語法 -

static Cake\Routing\Router::connect($route, $defaults =[], $options =[])

Router::connect() 方法有三個參數 -

  • 第一個參數是您要配對的 URL 範本。

  • 第二個參數包含路由元素的預設值。

  • 第三個參數包含路由的選項,一般包含正規表示式規則。

這是路線的基本格式 -

$routes->connect(
   'URL template',
   ['default' => 'defaultValue'],
   ['option' => 'matchingRegex']
);

範例

config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改,如下所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
      $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show']);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

src/Controller/TestsController.php 建立 TestsController.php 檔案。 將以下程式碼複製到控制器檔案中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

src/Template下建立一個資料夾Tests,並在該資料夾下建立一個名為show.php的視圖檔案。將以下程式碼複製到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of connecting routes.</h1>

透過造訪以下 URL 來執行上述範例,該 URL 位於 http://localhost/cakephp4/

輸出

上面的 URL 將產生以下輸出。

Above URL

通過的參數

傳遞的參數是在 URL 中傳遞的參數。這些參數可以傳遞給控制器的操作。這些傳遞的參數透過三種方式提供給您的控制器。

作為操作方法的參數

以下範例顯示了我們如何將參數傳遞給控制器的操作。請造訪以下 URL:http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/value1/value2

這將匹配以下路線。

$builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);

這裡,URL 中的 value1 將會被指派給 arg1,value2 將會被指派給 arg2。

作為數字索引數組

將參數傳遞給控制器的操作後,您可以使用以下語句來取得參數。

$args = $this->request->params[‘pass’]

傳遞給控制器操作的參數將儲存在 $args 變數中。

使用路由數組

參數也可以透過以下語句傳遞給運算 -

$routes->connect('/', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show',5,6]);

上面的語句將向 TestController 的 show() 方法傳遞兩個參數 5 和 6。

範例

config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改,如下列程式所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
// Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
$builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('tests/:arg1/:arg2', ['controller' => 'Tests', 'action' => 'show'],['pass' => ['arg1', 'arg2']]);
   $builder->connect('/pages/*', ['controller' => 'Pages', 'action' => 'display']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

src/Controller/TestsController.php 建立 TestsController.php 檔案。 將以下程式碼複製到控制器檔案中。

src/Controller/TestsController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class TestsController extends AppController {
public function show($arg1, $arg2) {
      $this->set('argument1',$arg1);
      $this->set('argument2',$arg2);
   }
}

src/Template 建立一個資料夾 Tests 並在該資料夾下建立一個名為 show.php 的 View 檔案。將以下程式碼複製到該文件中。

src/Template/Tests/show.php.

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Passed arguments.</h1>
<?php
   echo "Argument-1:".$argument1."<br/>";
   echo "Argument-2:".$argument2."<br/>";
?>

透過造訪以下 URL http://localhost/cakephp4/tests/Virat/Kunal

執行上面的範例

輸出

執行後,上述 URL 將產生以下輸出。

Passed Argument

產生 URL

這是 CakePHP 的一個很酷的功能。使用產生的 URL,我們可以輕鬆更改應用程式中 URL 的結構,而無需修改整個程式碼。

url( string|array|null $url null , boolean $full false )

上面的函數將接受兩個參數 -

  • 第一個參數是一個數組,指定以下任一項 - 'controller'、'action'、'plugin'。此外,您還可以提供路由元素或查詢字串參數。如果是字串,則可以給定任何有效 url 字串的名稱。

  • 如果為 true,完整的基本 URL 將會加入結果。預設為 false。

範例

config/routes.php 檔案中進行更改,如下列程式所示。

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Create a GeneratesController.php file at src/Controller/GeneratesController.php. Copy the following code in the controller file.

src/Controller/GeneratesController.php

<?php
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace App\Controller;
21
use Cake\Core\Configure;
use Cake\Http\Exception\ForbiddenException;
use Cake\Http\Exception\NotFoundException;
use Cake\Http\Response;
use Cake\View\Exception\MissingTemplateException;
class GeneratesController extends AppController {
   public function show()
   {
   }
}

Create a folder Generates at src/Template and under that folder, create a View file called show.php. Copy the following code in that file.

src/Template/Generates/show.php

<h1>This is CakePHP tutorial and this is an example of Generating URLs<h1>

Execute the above example by visiting the following URL −

http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output

The above URL will produce the following output −

Generating URL

Redirect Routing

Redirect routing is useful, when we want to inform client applications that, this URL has been moved. The URL can be redirected using the following function −

static Cake\Routing\Router::redirect($route, $url, $options =[])

There are three arguments to the above function as follows −

  • A string describing the template of the route.

  • A URL to redirect to.

  • An array matching the named elements in the route to regular expressions which that element should match.

Example

Make Changes in the config/routes.php file as shown below. Here, we have used controllers that were created previously.

config/routes.php

<?php
use Cake\Http\Middleware\CsrfProtectionMiddleware;
use Cake\Routing\Route\DashedRoute;
use Cake\Routing\RouteBuilder;
$routes->setRouteClass(DashedRoute::class);
$routes->scope('/', function (RouteBuilder $builder) {
   // Register scoped middleware for in scopes.
   $builder->registerMiddleware('csrf', new CsrfProtectionMiddleware([
      'httpOnly' => true,
   ]));
   $builder->applyMiddleware('csrf');
   $builder->connect('/generate',['controller'=>'Generates','action'=>'show']);
   $builder->redirect('/redirect','https://tutorialspoint.com/');
   $builder->fallbacks();
});

Execute the above example by visiting the following URLs.

URL 1 − http://localhost/cakephp4/generate

Output for URL 1

Execute URL

URL 2 − http://localhost/cakephp4/redirect

Output for URL 2

You will be redirected to https://tutorialspoint.com

以上是CakePHP 路由的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!

陳述:
本文內容由網友自願投稿,版權歸原作者所有。本站不承擔相應的法律責任。如發現涉嫌抄襲或侵權的內容,請聯絡admin@php.cn