六月程式語言排名

2024年6月最新TIOBE程式設計社群索引已發布，如圖：

TIOBE程式設計社群指數根據全球工程師數量、課程、熱門網站和第三方供應商計算得出，反映了程式語言的流行程度和趨勢。不代表語言的優劣。

以下是此排名的主要變化：

6 月 24 日程式語言排名變化

1.Python仍然位居榜首

很久以前，Python就已經坐穩了排行榜第一的位置，這次漲幅達到了2.93%。這意味著什麼？它這個月獲得的分數比Go語言的總分還要高！

這是可以預見的，Python以其簡單易學的語法和資料科學、機器學習、網路開發、網路爬蟲等廣泛的應用吸引了大量開發者。最近人工智慧的蓬勃發展也為Python帶來了另一個提振。

對於以學習程式語言為嗜好的朋友來說，Python是一個不錯的選擇。不過考慮到國內的就業前景，Python在Web開發方面的職位相對於Java少很多，更適合對大數據、演算法、產品開發有興趣的人。

2. C++史上首次超越C語言

本次排名最顯著的變化是C++首次超越C語言，躍居第二位。

C++可以理解為C語言的“高級版本”，不僅提供高效能，而且支援物件導向程式設計和許多新功能。

我相信C++的受歡迎程度超越C是不可避免的，就像Java和C++之間的關係一樣。在現今的環境下，較易用的語言更容易受到廣大開發者的青睞。

C++的崛起主要歸功於其高性能和現代特性。雖然它比Java更難學習，但它在系統程式設計、遊戲開發、影像處理、音訊視訊處理等高效能應用場景中的關鍵地位是不可動搖的。此外，C++也是嵌入式開發和桌面用戶端開發的主流語言。

至於在中國就業前景選擇C++還是Java，就看個人觀點了。我很早以前寫過一篇文章來分享我的看法。

C++ 的 TIOBE 指數變化圖：

3. Go語言闖入前7名

在過去的一年裡，Go語言的排名從第14名迅速攀升至第7名，這也值得我們關注。

Go語言的優點是語法簡潔、效能高。其內建的並發機制使得並發程式設計變得簡單且高效，這也是其廣泛應用於網路程式設計、雲端運算、微服務、分散式系統開發的原因。

對我們大多數開發者朋友來說，Go語言的一個明顯優勢就是專案啟動速度快得令人難以置信。傳統的Spring Boot Java專案可能需要十幾秒鐘才能啟動，而Go語言可能需要不到1秒，非常適合雲端原生場景下的快速擴充。我們熟悉的Docker、K8S、Etcd等項目，都是用Go語言開發的。

Java也早就感受到了Go語言的威脅，因此引入了像Quarkus這樣的雲端原生開發框架。我玩了一段時間，專案啟動速度也很快，但生態還不成熟。

如今，Go語言的社群和生態越來越繁榮，已經有許多函式庫、框架和工具。因此，國內外越來越多的公司在使用Go語言，這個排名並不奇怪。

因此，國內社群論壇上出現了這樣的聲音：我們應該從Java切換到Go語言嗎？

My suggestion is not to switch blindly. Students with strong self-learning abilities, if you have not yet touched Java, can start learning from Go; but students with average self-learning abilities, it is better to stick with learning Java, because the resources for learning Java in China are too abundant, with various tutorials, projects, and experience posts, which Go language cannot compare with. Moreover, both Java and Go are currently mainstream in backend development scenarios. For backend development, the language is just a tool and foundation. In addition to the language itself and the corresponding development frameworks, other backend development technologies to be learned are universal, such as databases, caching, queues, search engines, Linux, distributed systems, high concurrency, design patterns, architectural design, and so on. So, it is more helpful to learn the more resource-rich Java first to quickly get in touch with other technologies.

4. Some Emerging Languages

By comparing with last year, we can identify some rapidly developing programming languages, such as Rust, which has reached its highest historical ranking of 17th place. Known for its memory safety and high performance, Rust is increasingly taking a share in the systems programming domain that has traditionally been dominated by C/C++.

In addition, the rankings of languages like Swift, Kotlin, and Fortran have also significantly improved, as shown in the comparison chart between 2024 and 2023:

Other Rankings

Finally, let's share the other rankings from the TIOBE Programming Community index to help everyone understand the development trends.

Programming languages ranked 21st to 50th.

Programming languages ranked 51st to 100th:

ABC, ActionScript, Apex, APL, AutoLISP, bc, CFML, Chapel, CHILL, CLIPS, Clojure, COMAL, Crystal, cT, Elixir, Erlang, Forth, Groovy, Hack, Icon, Inform, Io, J, JScript, Ladder Logic, Lingo, LPC, M4, MEL, Modula-2, Mojo, NATURAL, NetLogo, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, PowerScript, Programming Without Coding Technology, Q, RPG, Smalltalk, Smarty, SNOBOL, SPARK, SQR, VHDL, WebDNA, Wolfram, X++, X10, yacc

It's a bit of a pity about Erlang; despite having a well-known product like RabbitMQ, it hasn't quite caught on.

Historical Programming Language Rankings

The evolution of popular programming language rankings from 1989 to 2024:

OK, that's it for the share. What are your thoughts on the June programming language rankings? Feel free to speak your mind in the comments section~

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