使用 React 建立測驗應用程式

介紹

在本教學中，我們將引導您使用 React 建立一個有趣的互動式測驗網站。這個專案是初學者練習在 React 中處理使用者輸入、管理狀態和渲染動態內容的好方法。

項目概況

測驗網站允許使用者回答多項選擇題並獲得有關其選擇的即時回饋。測驗結束時，使用者會看到他們的分數以及正確答案。

特徵

• 互動測驗：使用者可以回答問題並查看他們的分數。
• 即時回饋：立即指示所選答案是否正確。
• 分數計算：在整個測驗過程中追蹤分數。
• 動態內容：問題和選項從預定義清單動態呈現。

使用的技術

• React：用於建立使用者介面和管理元件狀態。
• CSS：用於設計應用程式的樣式。
• JavaScript：用於處理邏輯和測驗功能。

專案結構

專案的架構如下：

├── public
├── src
│   ├── components
│   │   ├── Quiz.jsx
│   │   ├── Question.jsx
│   ├── App.jsx
│   ├── App.css
│   ├── index.js
│   └── index.css
├── package.json
└── README.md

關鍵零件

• Quiz.jsx：處理測驗邏輯和分數計算。
• Question.jsx：顯示單一問題並處理使用者輸入。
• App.jsx：管理佈局並渲染 Quiz 元件。

程式碼說明

測驗組件

測驗組件負責呈現問題、計算分數、處理測驗完成。

import  { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import Result from "./Result";
import Question from "./Question";
const data = [
  {
    question: "What is the capital of France?",
    options: ["Paris", "Berlin", "Madrid", "Rome"],
    answer: "Paris",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Germany?",
    options: ["Berlin", "Munich", "Frankfurt", "Hamburg"],
    answer: "Berlin",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Spain?",
    options: ["Madrid", "Barcelona", "Seville", "Valencia"],
    answer: "Madrid",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Italy?",
    options: ["Rome", "Milan", "Naples", "Turin"],
    answer: "Rome",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of the United Kingdom?",
    options: ["London", "Manchester", "Liverpool", "Birmingham"],
    answer: "London",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Canada?",
    options: ["Ottawa", "Toronto", "Vancouver", "Montreal"],
    answer: "Ottawa",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Australia?",
    options: ["Canberra", "Sydney", "Melbourne", "Brisbane"],
    answer: "Canberra",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Japan?",
    options: ["Tokyo", "Osaka", "Kyoto", "Nagoya"],
    answer: "Tokyo",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of China?",
    options: ["Beijing", "Shanghai", "Guangzhou", "Shenzhen"],
    answer: "Beijing",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Russia?",
    options: ["Moscow", "Saint Petersburg", "Novosibirsk", "Yekaterinburg"],
    answer: "Moscow",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of India?",
    options: ["New Delhi", "Mumbai", "Bangalore", "Chennai"],
    answer: "New Delhi",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Brazil?",
    options: ["Brasilia", "Rio de Janeiro", "Sao Paulo", "Salvador"],
    answer: "Brasilia",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Mexico?",
    options: ["Mexico City", "Guadalajara", "Monterrey", "Tijuana"],
    answer: "Mexico City",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of South Africa?",
    options: ["Pretoria", "Johannesburg", "Cape Town", "Durban"],
    answer: "Pretoria",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Egypt?",
    options: ["Cairo", "Alexandria", "Giza", "Luxor"],
    answer: "Cairo",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Turkey?",
    options: ["Ankara", "Istanbul", "Izmir", "Antalya"],
    answer: "Ankara",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Argentina?",
    options: ["Buenos Aires", "Cordoba", "Rosario", "Mendoza"],
    answer: "Buenos Aires",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Nigeria?",
    options: ["Abuja", "Lagos", "Kano", "Ibadan"],
    answer: "Abuja",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Saudi Arabia?",
    options: ["Riyadh", "Jeddah", "Mecca", "Medina"],
    answer: "Riyadh",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Indonesia?",
    options: ["Jakarta", "Surabaya", "Bandung", "Medan"],
    answer: "Jakarta",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Thailand?",
    options: ["Bangkok", "Chiang Mai", "Phuket", "Pattaya"],
    answer: "Bangkok",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Malaysia?",
    options: ["Kuala Lumpur", "George Town", "Johor Bahru", "Malacca"],
    answer: "Kuala Lumpur",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of the Philippines?",
    options: ["Manila", "Cebu City", "Davao City", "Quezon City"],
    answer: "Manila",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of Vietnam?",
    options: ["Hanoi", "Ho Chi Minh City", "Da Nang", "Hai Phong"],
    answer: "Hanoi",
  },
  {
    question: "What is the capital of South Korea?",
    options: ["Seoul", "Busan", "Incheon", "Daegu"],
    answer: "Seoul",
  },
];
const Quiz = () => {
  const [currentQuestion, setCurrentQuestion] = useState(0);
  const [score, setScore] = useState(0);
  const [showResult, setShowResult] = useState(false);
  const [timer, setTimer] = useState(30);
  const [showNextButton, setShowNextButton] = useState(true);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (timer === 0) {
      handleNext();
    }
    const timerId = setTimeout(() => setTimer(timer - 1), 1000);
    return () => clearTimeout(timerId);
  }, [timer]);

  const handleAnswer = (selectedOption) => {
    if (selectedOption === data[currentQuestion].answer) {
      setScore(score + 1);
    }
    setShowNextButton(true); // Show the next button after answering
  };

  const handleNext = () => {
    const nextQuestion = currentQuestion + 1;
    if (nextQuestion ;
  }

  return (
    <div classname="quiz">
<div classname="countandTime">
<div classname="questionNumber">
       Question :  {currentQuestion + 1} <b>/</b> {data.length}
      </div>
      <div classname="timer">Time left : {timer} seconds</div>
</div>
      <question question="{data[currentQuestion].question}" options="{data[currentQuestion].options}" onanswer="{handleAnswer}" onnext="{handleNext}" shownextbutton="{showNextButton}"></question>
    </div>
  );
};

export default Quiz;

測驗元件管理當前問題索引和分數。它還會追蹤測驗何時完成，並在回答所有問題後顯示最終分數。

問題成分

問題組件處理每個問題的顯示並允許使用者選擇答案。

const Question = ({ question, options, onAnswer, onNext, showNextButton }) => {
  return (
    <div classname="question">
      <h2>{question}</h2>
      {options.map((option, index) => (
        <button classname="option" key="{index}" onclick="{()"> onAnswer(option)}>
          {option}
        </button>
      ))}
      {showNextButton && <button classname="next" onclick="{onNext}">Next </button>}
    </div>
  );
};

export default Question;

該元件採用 data 屬性，其中包括問題及其選項，並動態呈現它。 handleAnswer 函數處理所選選項。

應用程式元件

App 元件管理佈局並渲染 Quiz 元件。

import Quiz from "./components/Quiz";
import "./App.css";
import 使用 React 建立測驗應用程式 from "./assets/images/quiz使用 React 建立測驗應用程式.png";
const App = () => {
  return (
    <div classname="app">
      <img classname="使用 React 建立測驗應用程式" src="%7B%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8" react alt="使用 React 建立測驗應用程式">
      <quiz></quiz>
      <p classname="footer">Made with ❤️ by Abhishek Gurjar</p>
    </div>
  );
};

export default App;

該元件透過頁首和頁尾建立頁面，測驗元件呈現在中心。

結果成分

結果元件負責在使用者提交答案後顯示他們的測驗分數。它透過將使用者的回答與正確答案進行比較來計算分數，並提供有關正確回答了多少個問題的回饋。

const Result = ({ score, totalQuestion }) => {
  return (
    <div classname="result">
      <h2>Quiz Complete</h2>
      <p>Your score is {score} out of {totalQuestion}</p>
    </div>
  );
}

export default Result;

在此組件中，分數和問題總數作為 props 傳遞。根據分數，該組件向用戶顯示一條訊息，要么表揚他們正確回答所有問題，要么鼓勵他們繼續練習。這種動態回饋可以幫助使用者了解他們的表現。

CSS 樣式

CSS 確保測驗的版面乾淨簡單。它設計測驗組件的樣式並提供用戶友好的視覺效果。

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  background-color: #cce2c2;
  color: black;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}
.app {
  width: 100%;

  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-start;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.app img {
  margin: 50px;
}

/* Quiz */
.quiz {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.countandTime {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 300px;
}
.questionNumber {
  font-size: 20px;
  background-color: #fec33d;
  padding: 10px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-weight: bold;
}
.timer {
  font-size: 18px;
  background-color: #44b845;
  color: white;
  padding: 10px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

/* Question */

.question {
  margin-top: 20px;
}
.question h2 {
  background-color: #eaf0e7;
  width: 690px;
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}
.question .option {
  display: flex;
  margin-block: 20px;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background-color: #eaf0e7;
  padding: 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  font-size: 18px;
  width: 690px;
}

.question .next {
  font-size: 25px;
  color: white;
  background-color: #35bd3a;
  border: none;
  padding: 10px;
  width: 100px;
  border-radius: 10px;

  margin-left: 590px;
}

/* Result */

.result {
  border-radius: 19px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 500px;
  height: 300px;
  margin-top: 140px;
  background-color: #35bd3a;
  color: white;
}
.result h2{
  font-size: 40px;
}
.result p{
  font-size: 25px;
}

.footer {
  margin: 40px;
}

樣式確保佈局居中，並在測驗選項上提供懸停效果，使其更具互動性。

安裝與使用

要開始此項目，請複製儲存庫並安裝相依性：

git clone https://github.com/abhishekgurjar-in/quiz-website.git
cd quiz-website
npm install
npm start

這將啟動開發伺服器，並且應用程式將在 http://localhost:3000 上運行。

現場演示

在此處查看測驗網站的現場演示。

結論

這個測驗網站對於希望提高 React 技能的初學者來說是一個出色的專案。它提供了一種引人入勝的方式來練習管理狀態、呈現動態內容和處理使用者輸入。

製作人員

• 靈感：專案的靈感來自於經典問答遊戲，將樂趣與學習融為一體。

作者

Abhishek Gurjar 是一位 Web 開發人員，熱衷於建立互動式且引人入勝的 Web 應用程式。您可以在 GitHub 上關注他的工作。

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