規劃多人遊戲開發方法 - 在整個專案的進一步開發中發揮著最重要的作用之一,因為它包含了我們在創建真正高品質的產品時應該考慮的許多標準。在今天的宣言教程中,我們將看一個方法範例,該方法使我們能夠創建真正快速的遊戲,同時尊重所有安全和反違規規則。
所以,讓我們定義我們的主要標準:
首先,您需要在 Node.js 上設定一個伺服器。伺服器將負責所有關鍵計算並將更新的資料傳輸給玩家。
安裝環境
若要在 Node.js 上建立伺服器,請安裝必要的依賴項:
mkdir multiplayer-game-server cd multiplayer-game-server npm init -y npm install socket.io
Socket.io可以輕鬆地使用Web套接字實現客戶端和伺服器之間的即時雙向通訊。
基本伺服器實作
讓我們建立一個簡單的伺服器,它將處理客戶端連接、檢索資料、計算關鍵狀態並在所有客戶端之間同步它們。
// Create a simple socket IO server const io = require('socket.io')(3000, { cors: { origin: '*' } }); // Simple example of game states let gameState = {}; let playerSpeedConfig = { maxX: 1, maxY: 1, maxZ: 1 }; // Work with new connection io.on('connection', (socket) => { console.log('Player connected:', socket.id); // Initialize player state for socket ID gameState[socket.id] = { x: 0, y: 0, z: 0 }; // work with simple player command for movement socket.on('playerMove', (data) => { const { id, dx, dy, dz } = parsePlayerMove(data); // Check Maximal Values if(dx > playerSpeedConfig.maxX) dx = playerSpeedConfig.maxX; if(dy > playerSpeedConfig.maxY) dx = playerSpeedConfig.maxY; if(dz > playerSpeedConfig.maxZ) dx = playerSpeedConfig.maxZ; // update game state for current player gameState[id].x += dx; gameState[id].y += dy; gameState[id].z += dz; // Send new state for all clients const updatedData = serializeGameState(gameState); io.emit('gameStateUpdate', updatedData); }); // Work with unsafe data socket.on('dataupdate', (data) => { const { id, unsafe } = parsePlayerUnsafe(data); // update game state for current player gameState[id].unsafeValue += unsafe; // Send new state for all clients const updatedData = serializeGameState(gameState); io.emit('gameStateUpdate', updatedData); }); // Work with player disconnection socket.on('disconnect', () => { console.log('Player disconnected:', socket.id); delete gameState[socket.id]; }); }); // Simple Parse our binary data function parsePlayerMove(buffer) { const id = buffer.toString('utf8', 0, 16); // Player ID (16 bit) const dx = buffer.readFloatLE(16); // Delta X const dy = buffer.readFloatLE(20); // Delta Y const dz = buffer.readFloatLE(24); // Delta Z return { id, dx, dy, dz }; } // Simple Parse of unsafe data function parsePlayerUnsafe(buffer) { const id = buffer.toString('utf8', 0, 16); // Player ID (16 bit) const unsafe = buffer.readFloatLE(16); // Unsafe float return { id, unsafe }; } // Simple game state serialization for binary protocol function serializeGameState(gameState) { const buffers = []; for (const [id, data] of Object.entries(gameState)) { // Player ID const idBuffer = Buffer.from(id, 'utf8'); // Position (critical) Buffer const posBuffer = Buffer.alloc(12); posBuffer.writeFloatLE(data.x, 0); posBuffer.writeFloatLE(data.y, 4); posBuffer.writeFloatLE(data.z, 8); // Unsafe Data Buffer const unsafeBuffer = Buffer.alloc(4); unsafeBuffer.writeFloatLE(data.unsafeValue, 0); // Join all buffers buffers.push(Buffer.concat([idBuffer, posBuffer, unsafeBuffer])); } return Buffer.concat(buffers); }
此伺服器執行以下操作:
重點:
現在讓我們在 Unity 上建立一個與伺服器互動的客戶端部分。
要將 Unity 連接到 Socket.IO 上的伺服器,您需要連接專為 Unity 設計的程式庫。
在這種情況下,我們不受任何特定實作的約束(事實上它們都是相似的),而只是使用一個抽象範例。
Using reactive fields for synchronization
We will use reactive fields to update player positions. This will allow us to update states without having to check the data in each frame via the Update() method. Reactive fields automatically update the visual representation of objects in the game when the state of the data changes.
To get a reactive properties functional you can use UniRx.
Client code on Unity
Let's create a script that will connect to the server, send data and receive updates via reactive fields.
using UnityEngine; using SocketIOClient; using UniRx; using System; using System.Text; // Basic Game Client Implementation public class GameClient : MonoBehaviour { // SocketIO Based Client private SocketIO client; // Our Player Reactive Position public ReactiveProperty<Vector3> playerPosition = new ReactiveProperty<Vector3>(Vector3.zero); // Client Initialization private void Start() { // Connect to our server client = new SocketIO("http://localhost:3000"); // Add Client Events client.OnConnected += OnConnected; // On Connected client.On("gameStateUpdate", OnGameStateUpdate); // On Game State Changed // Connect to Socket Async client.ConnectAsync(); // Subscribe to our player position changed playerPosition.Subscribe(newPosition => { // Here you can interpolate your position instead // to get smooth movement at large ping transform.position = newPosition; }); // Add Movement Commands Observable.EveryUpdate().Where(_ => Input.GetKey(KeyCode.W)).Subscribe(_ => ProcessInput(true)); Observable.EveryUpdate().Where(_ => Input.GetKey(KeyCode.S)).Subscribe(_ => ProcessInput(false)); } // On Player Connected private async void OnConnected(object sender, EventArgs e) { Debug.Log("Connected to server!"); } // On Game State Update private void OnGameStateUpdate(SocketIOResponse response) { // Get our binary data byte[] data = response.GetValue<byte[]>(); // Work with binary data int offset = 0; while (offset < data.Length) { // Get Player ID string playerId = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data, offset, 16); offset += 16; // Get Player Position float x = BitConverter.ToSingle(data, offset); float y = BitConverter.ToSingle(data, offset + 4); float z = BitConverter.ToSingle(data, offset + 8); offset += 12; // Get Player unsafe variable float unsafeVariable = BitConverter.ToSingle(data, offset); // Check if it's our player position if (playerId == client.Id) playerPosition.Value = new Vector3(x, y, z); else UpdateOtherPlayerPosition(playerId, new Vector3(x, y, z), unsafeVariable); } } // Process player input private void ProcessInput(bool isForward){ if (isForward) SendMoveData(new Vector3(0, 0, 1)); // Move Forward else SendMoveData(new Vector3(0, 0, -1)); // Move Backward } // Send Movement Data private async void SendMoveData(Vector3 delta) { byte[] data = new byte[28]; Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(client.Id).CopyTo(data, 0); BitConverter.GetBytes(delta.x).CopyTo(data, 16); BitConverter.GetBytes(delta.y).CopyTo(data, 20); BitConverter.GetBytes(delta.z).CopyTo(data, 24); await client.EmitAsync("playerMove", data); } // Send any unsafe data private async void SendUnsafeData(float unsafeData){ byte[] data = new byte[20]; Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(client.Id).CopyTo(data, 0); BitConverter.GetBytes(unsafeData).CopyTo(data, 16); await client.EmitAsync("dataUpdate", data); } // Update Other players position private void UpdateOtherPlayerPosition(string playerId, Vector3 newPosition, float unsafeVariable) { // Here we can update other player positions and variables } // On Client Object Destroyed private void OnDestroy() { client.DisconnectAsync(); } }
To ensure smooth gameplay and minimize latency during synchronization, it is recommended:
In order to simplify your work with a binary protocol - create a basic principle of data processing, as well as schemes of interaction with it.
For our example, we can take a basic protocol where:
1) The first 4 bits are the maxa of the request the user is making (e.g. 0 - move player, 1 - shoot, etc.);
2) The next 16 bits are the ID of our client.
3) Next we fill in the data that is passed through the loop (some Net Variables), where we store the ID of the variable, the size of the offset in bytes to the beginning of the next variable, the type of the variable and its value.
For the convenience of version and data control - we can create a client-server communication schema in a convenient format (JSON / XML) and download it once from the server to further parse our binary data according to this schema for the required version of our API.
It doesn't make sense to process every data on the server, some of them are easier to modify on the client side and just send to other clients.
To make you a bit more secure in this scheme - you can use client-side anti-chit system to prevent memory hacks - for example, my GameShield - a free open source solution.
We took a simple example of developing a multiplayer game on Unity with a Node.js server, where all critical data is handled on the server to ensure the integrity of the game. Using a binary protocol to transfer data helps optimize traffic, and reactive programming in Unity makes it easy to synchronize client state without having to use the Update() method.
This approach not only improves game performance, but also increases protection against cheating by ensuring that all key calculations are performed on the server rather than the client.
And of course, as always thank you for reading the article. If you still have any questions or need help in organizing your architecture for multiplayer project - I invite you to my Discord
You can also help me out a lot in my plight and support the release of new articles and free for everyone libraries and assets for developers:
My Discord | My Blog | My GitHub
BTC: bc1qef2d34r4xkrm48zknjdjt7c0ea92ay9m2a7q55
ETH: 0x1112a2Ef850711DF4dE9c432376F255f416ef5d0
USDT (TRC20): TRf7SLi6trtNAU6K3pvVY61bzQkhxDcRLC
以上是透過範例在 Unity 和 NodeJS 上的遊戲中創建安全、快速的多人遊戲的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!