Java動畫

Java 中的動畫需要兩個基本步驟，建立動畫幀，然後允許 Java 為該幀著色。 Applet、AWT、Swing 和 JavaFX 都可以做 Java 動畫。 Applet 動畫適用於瀏覽器相容的應用程序，而 AWT、Swing 和 JavaFX 是獨立的應用程式。實際上，大多數應用程式都是獨立的。因此，我們將使用 JavaFX 處理我們的動畫。

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為什麼選擇 JavaFX 為什麼不選 AWT 和 Swing？

AWT 擁有重量級元件，而 Swing 沒有現代 UI。因此，我們考慮了 JavaFX 動畫。它是輕量級且先進的現代 UI 元件，使我們的開發更加輕鬆。

JavaFX 中的動畫類型：

1. 旋轉過渡
2. 尺度轉換
3. 翻譯過渡
4. 淡入淡出過渡
5. 填充過渡
6. 筆畫過渡
7. 順序轉換
8. 並行過渡
9. 暫停過渡
10. 路徑轉換

JavaFX 動畫在 Java 中如何運作？

JavaFX動畫包是一個包含所有動畫類別的動畫。因此，當我們應用動畫時，我們必須導入它們。將動畫應用到我們的班級；我們必須擴展動畫類別。此動畫類別包含所有必要的動畫包。

1.旋轉過渡

這個動畫提供了旋轉功能。包是animation.RotateTransition

文法：

RotateTransition rotate = new RotateTransition();  //creating object for Rotate Transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

2.尺度轉換

這個動畫使物體在X、Y、Z三個方向上移動。封裝為animation.ScaleTransition

文法：

ScaleTransition rotate = new ScaleTransition();  //creating object for scale transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

3.翻譯過渡

此動畫以固定的時間間隔將物件從一個位置移動到另一個位置。包是animation.TranslateTransition

文法：

TranslateTransition rotate = new TranslateTransition();  //creating object for Translate transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

4.淡入淡出過渡

此動畫透過指定不透明度值而使物件變得暗淡。包是animation.FadeTransition

文法：

FadeTransition rotate = new FadeTransition();  //creating object for fade transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

5.填充過渡

此動畫透過指定時間間隔使物件依序填滿兩種顏色。封裝的是animation.FillTransition

文法：

FillTransition rotate = new FillTransition();  //creating object for fill transition
rotate.play();  //applying rotation by using play() method

範例

讓我們看看下面給出的java動畫範例：

範例 #1 – 旋轉過渡

代碼：

package com.rotate.transition;
import javafx.animation.RotateTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Polygon;
import javafx.scene.transform.Rotate;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class RotateTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Polygon traingle = new Polygon();// Creating triangle
Double[] doubleValues=new Double[] { 5.0, 5.0, 20.0, 10.0, 10.0, 20.0 };
traingle.getPoints().addAll(doubleValues);
traingle.setFill(Color.LIMEGREEN);
traingle.setStroke(Color.HOTPINK);
traingle.setStrokeWidth(5);
RotateTransition rotateTransition = new RotateTransition();// Creating object for Rotate Transition class
rotateTransition.setAxis(Rotate.Z_AXIS);// Set Axis rotation in Z axis
rotateTransition.setByAngle(360);// Set angle rotation 360 degrees
rotateTransition.setCycleCount(500);// Set cycle count rotation 500
rotateTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(1000));// Set time duration for change the object
rotateTransition.setAutoReverse(true);//auto reverse activation
rotateTransition.setNode(traingle);//applying rotate transition on triangle
rotateTransition.play();// applying rotation by play method
Group root = new Group(); //creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(traingle); //adding triangle to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 700, 500, Color.BLACK);//creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);//adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Triangle Rotate Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);//launch method calls start() method internally
}
}

輸出：

這樣，三角形就旋轉了。

範例 #2 – 尺度轉換

代碼：

package com.scale.transition;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.animation.ScaleTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
public class ScaleTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
Circle circle = new Circle(); // Creating Circle
circle.setCenterX(280.0f);// position in X direction
circle.setCenterY(125.0f);// position in Y direction
circle.setRadius(40.0f);// circle radius
circle.setFill(Color.AQUAMARINE);// circle color
circle.setStrokeWidth(21);// stroke width of circle
ScaleTransition scaleTransition = new ScaleTransition();// creating
// object for
// scale
// transition
scaleTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(2000));// set time duration
scaleTransition.setNode(circle);// applying rotate transition node on
// circle
scaleTransition.setByY(1.5);// Y direction movement
scaleTransition.setByX(1.5);// X direction movement
scaleTransition.setCycleCount(55);// Set cycle count rotation 55
scaleTransition.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
scaleTransition.play();// applying rotate transition on circle
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(circle); // adding triangle to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color. AZURE);// creating scene
stage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
stage.setTitle("Circle Scale Transition");
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
launch(args);
}
}

輸出：

這樣，圓就會縮放。

範例 #3 – 翻譯轉換

代碼：

package com.translate.transition;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.animation.TranslateTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
public class TranslateTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Rectangle square = new Rectangle(50, 50); // Creating square
square.setFill(Color.AQUA); // square border color
square.setStroke(Color.BLUEVIOLET);// square area color
TranslateTransition translateTranstion = new TranslateTransition();// creating object for Translate transition
translateTranstion.setByY(350);// movement in Y direction
translateTranstion.setDuration(Duration.millis(1500));// time duration
translateTranstion.setCycleCount(450);// Set cycle count rotation 450
translateTranstion.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
translateTranstion.setNode(square);// applying rotate transition node on square
translateTranstion.play();// applying rotate transition on circle
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(square); // adding square to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color.CHOCOLATE);// creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Square Translate Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

輸出：

這是如何平方縮放過渡移動。

範例 #4 – 淡入淡出過渡

代碼：

package com.fade.transition;
import javafx.animation.FadeTransition;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FadeTransitionAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage outStage) throws Exception {
Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse();  // Creating Ellipse object
ellipse.setCenterX(300.0f); //setting ellipse center distance in X direction
ellipse.setCenterY(150.0f); //setting ellipse center distance in Y direction
ellipse.setRadiusX(150.0f); //setting radius in X direction
ellipse.setRadiusY(75.0f);//setting radius in y direction
ellipse.setFill(Color.AQUA); // ellipse border color
ellipse.setStroke(Color.BLUEVIOLET);// ellipse area color
FadeTransition fadeTransition = new FadeTransition();// creating Fade transition object
fadeTransition.setDuration(Duration.millis(5000));// time duration
fadeTransition.setFromValue(10);//setting opacity value for fading
fadeTransition.setToValue(0.1);
fadeTransition.setCycleCount(900);// Set cycle count rotation 900
fadeTransition.setAutoReverse(true);// auto reverse activation
fadeTransition.setNode(ellipse);// applying fade transition node on ellipse
fadeTransition.play();// applying fade transition on ellipse
Group root = new Group(); // creating group for adding elements
root.getChildren().add(ellipse); // adding ellipse to group
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 500, Color.CHOCOLATE);// creating scene
outStage.setScene(scene);// adding scene to stage for display window
outStage.setTitle("Ellipse Fade Transition");
outStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

輸出：

這樣，淡入淡出過渡就發生了。

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