如何用Python抓取無限滾動的網頁

如何使用Python抓取無限滾動的網頁

您好，Crawlee 開發人員，歡迎回到 Crawlee 部落格上的另一個教學。本教學將教您如何使用 Crawlee for Python 抓取無限滾動的網站。

就上下文而言，無限滾動頁面是經典分頁的現代替代方案。當用戶滾動到網頁底部而不是選擇下一頁時，頁面會自動加載更多數據，用戶可以滾動更多。

身為一個球鞋大佬，我會以耐吉鞋無限滾動網站為例，我們會從中抓取數千雙球鞋。

Crawlee for Python 具有一些令人驚嘆的初始功能，例如 HTTP 和無頭瀏覽器爬行的統一介面、自動重試等等。

先決條件和引導項目

讓我們透過使用以下指令安裝 Crawlee for Python 來開始本教學：

pipx run crawlee create nike-crawler

在繼續之前，如果您喜歡閱讀此博客，如果您在 GitHub 上給 Crawlee for Python 一顆星，我們將非常高興！

apify / 爬蟲-python

Crawlee——一個用於 Python 的網頁抓取和瀏覽器自動化庫，用於建立可靠的爬蟲。擷取 AI、LLM、RAG 或 GPT 的資料。從網站下載 HTML、PDF、JPG、PNG 和其他文件。適用於 BeautifulSoup、Playwright 和原始 HTTP。有頭模式和無頭模式。透過代理輪換。

網頁抓取和瀏覽器自動化庫

Crawlee 涵蓋了端到端的爬行和抓取，並且幫助您建立可靠的抓取工具。快。

？ Crawlee for Python 開放給早期採用者！

即使使用預設配置，您的爬蟲也會看起來幾乎像人類一樣，並且在現代機器人保護的雷達下飛行。 Crawlee 為您提供了在網路上抓取連結、抓取資料並將其持久儲存為機器可讀格式的工具，而無需擔心技術細節。由於豐富的設定選項，如果預設設定無法滿足您的專案需求，您幾乎可以調整 Crawlee 的任何方面。

？ 在 Crawlee 專案網站上查看完整文件、指南和範例 ?

我們還有 Crawlee 的 TypeScript 實現，您可以在您的專案中探索和利用它。請造訪我們的 GitHub 儲存庫，以了解 GitHub 上 Crawlee for JS/TS 的更多資訊。

安裝

我們…

在 GitHub 上查看

We will scrape using headless browsers. Select PlaywrightCrawler in the terminal when Crawlee for Python asks for it.

After installation, Crawlee for Python will create boilerplate code for you. Redirect into the project folder and then run this command for all the dependencies installation:

poetry install

How to scrape infinite scrolling webpages

1. Handling accept cookie dialog

2. Adding request of all shoes links

3. Extract data from product details

4. Accept Cookies context manager

5. Handling infinite scroll on the listing page

6. Exporting data to CSV format

Handling accept cookie dialog

After all the necessary installations, we'll start looking into the files and configuring them accordingly.

When you look into the folder, you'll see many files, but for now, let’s focus on main.py and routes.py.

In __main__.py, let's change the target location to the Nike website. Then, just to see how scraping will happen, we'll add headless = False to the PlaywrightCrawler parameters. Let's also increase the maximum requests per crawl option to 100 to see the power of parallel scraping in Crawlee for Python.

The final code will look like this:

import asyncio

from crawlee.playwright_crawler import PlaywrightCrawler

from .routes import router


async def main() -> None:

    crawler = PlaywrightCrawler(
        headless=False,
        request_handler=router,
        max_requests_per_crawl=100,
    )

    await crawler.run(
        [
            'https://nike.com/,
        ]
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

Now coming to routes.py, let’s remove:

await context.enqueue_links()

As we don’t want to scrape the whole website.

Now, if you run the crawler using the command:

poetry run python -m nike-crawler

As the cookie dialog is blocking us from crawling more than one page's worth of shoes, let’s get it out of our way.

We can handle the cookie dialog by going to Chrome dev tools and looking at the test_id of the "accept cookies" button, which is dialog-accept-button.

Now, let’s remove the context.push_data call that was left there from the project template and add the code to accept the dialog in routes.py. The updated code will look like this:

from crawlee.router import Router
from crawlee.playwright_crawler import PlaywrightCrawlingContext

router = Router[PlaywrightCrawlingContext]()

@router.default_handler
async def default_handler(context: PlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:

    # Wait for the popup to be visible to ensure it has loaded on the page.
    await context.page.get_by_test_id('dialog-accept-button').click()

Adding request of all shoes links

Now, if you hover over the top bar and see all the sections, i.e., man, woman, and kids, you'll notice the “All shoes” section. As we want to scrape all the sneakers, this section interests us. Let’s use get_by_test_id with the filter of has_text=’All shoes’ and add all the links with the text “All shoes” to the request handler. Let’s add this code to the existing routes.py file:

    shoe_listing_links = (
        await context.page.get_by_test_id('link').filter(has_text='All shoes').all()
    )
    await context.add_requests(
        [
            Request.from_url(url, label='listing')
            for link in shoe_listing_links
            if (url := await link.get_attribute('href'))
        ]
    )

@router.handler('listing')
async def listing_handler(context: PlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:
    """Handler for shoe listings."""

Extract data from product details

Now that we have all the links to the pages with the title “All Shoes,” the next step is to scrape all the products on each page and the information provided on them.

We'll extract each shoe's URL, title, price, and description. Again, let's go to dev tools and extract each parameter's relevant test_id. After scraping each of the parameters, we'll use the context.push_data function to add it to the local storage. Now let's add the following code to the listing_handler and update it in the routes.py file:

@router.handler('listing')
async def listing_handler(context: PlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:
    """Handler for shoe listings."""        

    await context.enqueue_links(selector='a.product-card__link-overlay', label='detail')


@router.handler('detail')
async def detail_handler(context: PlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:
    """Handler for shoe details."""

    title = await context.page.get_by_test_id(
        'product_title',
    ).text_content()

    price = await context.page.get_by_test_id(
        'currentPrice-container',
    ).first.text_content()

    description = await context.page.get_by_test_id(
        'product-description',
    ).text_content()

    await context.push_data(
        {
            'url': context.request.loaded_url,
            'title': title,
            'price': price,
            'description': description,
        }
    )

Accept Cookies context manager

Since we're dealing with multiple browser pages with multiple links and we want to do infinite scrolling, we may encounter an accept cookie dialog on each page. This will prevent loading more shoes via infinite scroll.

We'll need to check for cookies on every page, as each one may be opened with a fresh session (no stored cookies) and we'll get the accept cookie dialog even though we already accepted it in another browser window. However, if we don't get the dialog, we want the request handler to work as usual.

To solve this problem, we'll try to deal with the dialog in a parallel task that will run in the background. A context manager is a nice abstraction that will allow us to reuse this logic in all the router handlers. So, let's build a context manager:

from playwright.async_api import TimeoutError as PlaywrightTimeoutError

@asynccontextmanager
async def accept_cookies(page: Page):
    task = asyncio.create_task(page.get_by_test_id('dialog-accept-button').click())
    try:
        yield
    finally:
        if not task.done():
            task.cancel()

        with suppress(asyncio.CancelledError, PlaywrightTimeoutError):
            await task

This context manager will make sure we're accepting the cookie dialog if it exists before scrolling and scraping the page. Let’s implement it in the routes.py file, and the updated code is here

Handling infinite scroll on the listing page

Now for the last and most interesting part of the tutorial! How to handle the infinite scroll of each shoe listing page and make sure our crawler is scrolling and scraping the data constantly.

To handle infinite scrolling in Crawlee for Python, we just need to make sure the page is loaded, which is done by waiting for the network_idle load state, and then use the infinite_scroll helper function which will keep scrolling to the bottom of the page as long as that makes additional items appear.

Let’s add two lines of code to the listing handler:

@router.handler('listing')
async def listing_handler(context: PlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:
    # Handler for shoe listings

    async with accept_cookies(context.page):
        await context.page.wait_for_load_state('networkidle')
        await context.infinite_scroll()
        await context.enqueue_links(
            selector='a.product-card__link-overlay', label='detail'
        )

Exporting data to CSV format

As we want to store all the shoe data into a CSV file, we can just add a call to the export_data helper into the __main__.py file just after the crawler run:

await crawler.export_data('shoes.csv')

Working crawler and its code

Now, we have a crawler ready that can scrape all the shoes from the Nike website while handling infinite scrolling and many other problems, like the cookies dialog.

You can find the complete working crawler code here on the GitHub repository.

If you have any doubts regarding this tutorial or using Crawlee for Python, feel free to join our discord community and ask fellow developers or the Crawlee team.

Crawlee & Apify

This is the official developer community of Apify and Crawlee. | 8365 members

discord.com

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This tutorial is taken from the webinar held on August 5th where Jan Buchar, Senior Python Engineer at Apify, gave a live demo about this use case. Watch the whole webinar here.

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