原型鍊是 JavaScript 中建立物件之間層次關係的基本機制。它允許物件從其原型物件繼承屬性和方法,從而創建繼承鏈。
建立新物件時,它會繼承其原型物件的屬性和方法。這個原型可以有自己的原型,依此類推,形成原型鏈。透過遍歷這條鏈,物件可以存取鏈中更高層定義的屬性和方法。
原型鏈有幾個目的:
原型鏈在前端和後端 JavaScript 環境中的行為相似。但是,有一些細微的差異需要考慮:
前端: 在網頁瀏覽器中,全域物件是 window
,它充當原型鏈的根。在瀏覽器視窗中建立的所有物件都繼承自 window
。 window
, which acts as the root of the prototype chain. All objects created in the browser window inherit from window
.
Backend: In backend environments like Node.js, the global object is different and is typically an instance of the Object
class. Objects created in a Node.js application inherit from the Object
class.
You can manipulate the prototype chain to customize and extend objects through the following methods:
1. Adding Properties and Methods: You can add new properties and methods to a prototype object, which will be inherited by all instances created from that prototype.
2. Overriding Properties and Methods: If an object has a property or method with the same name as a property or method defined in its prototype chain, the object's own property or method takes precedence, effectively overriding the inherited one.
3. Accessing Prototype Properties and Methods: You can use the Object.getPrototypeOf()
method to access the prototype object of an instance, and then use dot notation or bracket notation to access the inherited properties and methods.
4. Changing the Prototype Object: You can assign a new prototype object to an existing object using the Object.setPrototypeOf()
Object
的實例程式碼>類別。 Node.js 應用程式中建立的物件繼承自 Object
類別。 🎜🎜如何操作原型鏈來自訂或擴充 JavaScript 中的物件? 🎜🎜您可以操作原型鏈來自定義和擴展透過以下方法獲取物件:🎜🎜🎜1.添加屬性和方法:🎜 您可以向原型物件添加新的屬性和方法,該原型物件將被從該原型創建的所有實例繼承。 🎜🎜🎜2.重寫屬性和方法:🎜 如果一個物件的屬性或方法與其原型鏈中定義的屬性或方法同名,則該物件自己的屬性或方法優先,有效重寫繼承的屬性或方法。 🎜🎜🎜3.存取原型屬性和方法:🎜 您可以使用Object.getPrototypeOf()
方法存取實例的原型對象,然後使用點表示法或方括號表示法來存取繼承的屬性和方法。 🎜 🎜🎜4.更改原型物件:🎜 您可以使用 Object.setPrototypeOf()
方法將新的原型物件指派給現有物件。這允許您在運行時動態更改物件的繼承。 🎜以上是JS 原型鏈詳解的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!