Linux硬碟引導安裝對於於什麼沒有硬碟的機器,尤其是超便攜電腦筆記本,是一個比較好用的技巧。可以將硬碟製成一個可開機盤,之後將安裝CD的內容複製到硬碟,最後就是進行安裝了。 Linux硬碟引導安裝有兩種方式這兒先介紹一種。旁邊再介紹另一種。本文以Ubantu系統安裝來介紹。
主要步驟是:先做可開機硬碟,之後從硬碟開機計算機,並從硬碟安裝Ubuntu系統,建議使用最新版本的Ubuntu來做可開機讀卡機。下邊分步介紹。
一、可引導硬碟製做概述
毫無疑惑,從硬碟引導是十分便捷的,但前提是其容量必須足夠大,起碼要才能容納安裝CD內容(約700MB左右),所以建議最低容量為1GB。據悉,我們還要用到一款軟體,即SYSLINUX。該軟體3.00先前版本只支援FAT16檔案系統;從3.00版本開始,SYSLINUX也支援FAT32,並且建議使用FAT16檔案系統,由於它的相容性更好一些。
插好硬碟,便可以執行dmesg指令或sudofdisk一l指令來檢視系統為其指派的設備名稱。讀者請註
意,今後但凡遇見/dev/sdX1,請將其中的X替換為您特定的裝置位址。
我們用兩種軟體手動完成啟動硬碟的創建,即Unetbootin和LiveUSBcreator,或則藉助一個命令列腳本isotostick.sh來手動創建啟動讀卡器。
二、自動形式製做啟動硬碟
Unetbootin是一款具有圖象使用者介面的程序,它可以在Windows或Linux系統下使用。該軟體實現了從ISO文件手動做可引導硬碟製做的手動化,該軟體具有兩個優點,一是具有友好的圖形用戶界面,我們可以便捷地用它來創建Ubuntu的啟動硬碟;二是它既能運作在Windows系統下,也能運作在Linux系統下u碟啟動安裝linux,甚至可以直接從liveCD(即可以直接引導為可用Linux系統的CD。)下運作。
倘若您須要啟動原始的Ubuntulivecd啟動選單,例如假如你想禁用framebuffer或您想閱讀Ubuntulivecd的幫助畫面和cheatcodes的話,這麼可以在UNetbootin安裝完成後對您的硬碟做如下更改:首先,掉SYSLINUX. CFG檔linux就該這麼學,或將其重新命名為SYSLINUX.OLD;之後,切換至ISOLINUX資料夾,將ISOLINUX.CFG檔案重新命名為SYSLINUX.CFG,最後將資料夾ISOLINUX聯通最內層u盤啟動安裝linux,但將其重新命名為SYSLINUX
LiveUSBcreator也具有圖形使用者介面,並且只能從LiveCD下運作。該軟體可以從UbuntuLiveCD手動建立Ubuntu的啟動硬碟。方式很簡單,先運行LiveCD,安裝LiveUSBcreator軟體,接出來就可以透過系統管理選單從啟動硬碟來安裝Ubuntu系統了。
isotostick.sh是一個命令列shell腳本,它運行在Linux系統中。我們可以下載該腳本,並透過下述命令製做啟動硬碟:
sudoapt-getinstallsyslinuxmtools
wget
chmod+xisotostick.sh
sudo./isotostick.shubuntu-7.10-desktop-i386.iso/dev/sdX1
Be sure not to forget to replace /dev/sdX1 with the actual partition name of the hard disk. When the script attempts to copy the symbolic links /dists/stable and /dists/unstable, you will receive an error message similar to "operationnotpermitted". This is because the FAT16 file system cannot handle the symbolic links, but don't be afraid, because this It has no impact on our work.
Okay, now we have made the hard disk to start the Linuxubantu hard disk boot installation, so that we can boot from the disk and install the Ubuntu system. In fact, the installation is no different from the installation from the CD. I won’t introduce it in detail.
◆After the installation is complete, edit /etc/fstab so that /media/cdrom0 points to the CD drive instead of the hard disk. If you don't do this, as is common with Linux systems, you will receive an error message "Cannotmountvolume.Invalidmountoptionwhenattemptingtomountthevolume" when you mount the hard disk. This is due to the installer thinking it is installing from the CD drive.
In order to edit /etc/fstab, you need to open it first, the command is as follows:
sudogedit/etc/fstab
Find the following content (usually at the top of the file):
/dev/sdb1/media/cdrom0udf,iso9660user,noauto,exec,utf800
We comment out this line by adding a # at the beginning, as shown below:
#/dev/sdb1/media/cdrom0udf,iso9660user,noauto,exec,utf800
In fact, if you like, you can also rename the actual cdrom mount point to /media/cdrom0.
Save this file to complete the manual boot installation of Linux hard disk installation.
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