locate 指令：比 find -name 更快的檔案搜尋工具

功能介紹：

locate指令顯然是find-name的另一種寫法，而且要比前者快得多linux vi，緣由在於它不搜尋特定目錄，而是搜尋一個資料庫/var/lib/locatedb，值得注意的是：版本不同，會有所不同。有的版本位置是/var/lib/mlocate/mlocatedblinux搜尋檔案所在目錄，還有的是/var/lib/slocate/slocate.db，這個資料庫中富含本地所有檔案資訊。 Linux系統手動建立這個資料庫linux搜尋檔案所在目錄，但每晚手動更新一次，所以使用locate指令查不到最新變動的檔案。為了防止這些情況redhat linux，可以在使用locate之前，先使用updatedb指令，自動更新資料庫。

#句型格式：locate[參數][式]

常用參數：

#-d或–database=

指定資料庫所在的目錄

–help

顯示幫助

–version

顯示版本資訊

##參考實例：

顯示幫助：

[root@linuxcool ~]# locate --help
 Usage: locate [OPTION]… [PATTERN]…
 Search for entries in a mlocate database.
 -A, --all only print entries that match all patterns
 -b, --basename match only the base name of path names
 -c, --count only print number of found entries
 -d, --database DBPATH use DBPATH instead of default database (which is
 /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db)
 -e, --existing only print entries for currently existing files
 -L, --follow follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
 existence (default)
 -h, --help print this help
 -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions when matching patterns
 -l, --limit, -n LIMIT limit output (or counting) to LIMIT entries
 -m, --mmap ignored, for backward compatibility
 -P, --nofollow, -H don't follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
 existence
 -0, --null separate entries with NUL on output
 -S, --statistics don't search for entries, print statistics about each
 used database
 -q, --quiet report no error messages about reading databases
 -r, --regexp REGEXP search for basic regexp REGEXP instead of patterns
 --regex patterns are extended regexps
 -s, --stdio ignored, for backward compatibility
 -V, --version print version information
 -w, --wholename match whole path name (default)
 Report bugs to mitr@redhat.com.
显示版本信息：
[root@linuxcool ~]# locate --version
 mlocate 0.26
 Copyright (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
 This software is distributed under the GPL v.2.
 This program is provided with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

搜尋/etc目錄下所有以sh開頭的檔案：

[root@linuxcool ~]# locate /etc/sh
 /etc/shadow
 /etc/shadow-
 /etc/shells

搜尋/etc目錄下以k開頭的檔案：

[root@linuxcool ~]# locate /etc/k
 /etc/kdump.conf
 /etc/kernel
 /etc/krb5.conf
 /etc/krb5.conf.d
 /etc/ksmtuned.conf
 /etc/kernel/postinst.d
 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/51-dracut-rescue-postinst.sh

#尋找和pwd相關的所有檔案：

[root@linuxcool ~]# locate pwd
 /boot/extlinux/pwd.c32
 /etc/.pwd.lock
 /usr/bin/pwd
 /usr/bin/pwdx
 /usr/include/pwd.h
 /usr/lib/modules/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/watchdog/hpwdt.ko
 /usr/lib64/cracklib_dict.pwd
 /usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload/spwdmodule.so
 /usr/sbin/unix_chkpwd
 /usr/share/cracklib/cracklib-small.pwd
 /usr/share/cracklib/pw_dict.pwd
 /usr/share/man/man0p/pwd.h.0p.gz
 /usr/share/man/man1/pwd.1.gz
 /usr/share/man/man1/pwdx.1.gz
 /usr/share/man/man1p/pwd.1p.gz
 /usr/share/man/man3/lckpwdf.3.gz
 /usr/share/man/man3/ulckpwdf.3.gz
 /usr/share/man/man8/unix_chkpwd.8.gz
 /usr/share/man/overrides/de/man1/pwdx.1
 /usr/share/man/overrides/fr/man1/pwdx.1
 /usr/share/man/overrides/uk/man1/pwdx.1
 /usr/share/syslinux/pwd.c32
 /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64/include/config/hpwdt
 /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64/include/config/hpwdt/nmi
 /usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64/include/config/hpwdt/nmi/decoding.h

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