Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (1) Hadoop(HDFS)搭建
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- 2016-06-07 16:33:011111瀏覽
目录结构 Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (0) 前言 Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (1) Hadoop(HDFS)搭建 Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (2) HBaseZookeeper搭建 Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (3) Hive搭建 Hadoop集群(CHD4)实践之 (4) Oozie搭建 Hadoop集群(CHD4)实践之 (5) Sqoop安
目录结构
Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (0) 前言
Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (1) Hadoop(HDFS)搭建
Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (2) HBase&Zookeeper搭建
Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (3) Hive搭建
Hadoop集群(CHD4)实践之 (4) Oozie搭建
Hadoop集群(CHD4)实践之 (5) Sqoop安装
本文内容
Hadoop集群(CDH4)实践之 (1) Hadoop(HDFS)搭建
参考资料
http://www.cloudera.com/content/cloudera-content/cloudera-docs/CDH4/latest/CDH4-Installation-Guide/CDH4-Installation-Guide.html
环境准备
OS: CentOS 6.4 x86_64
Servers:
hadoop-master: 172.17.20.230 内存10G
- namenode
hadoop- secondarynamenode: 172.17.20.234 内存10G
- secondarybackupnamenode,jobtracker
hadoop-node-1: 172.17.20.231 内存10G
- datanode,tasktracker
hadoop-node-2: 172.17.20.232 内存10G
- datanode,tasktracker
hadoop-node-3: 172.17.20.233 内存10G
- datanode,tasktracker
对以上角色做一些简单的介绍：
namenode - 整个HDFS的命名空间管理服务
secondarynamenode - 可以看做是namenode的冗余服务
jobtracker - 并行计算的job管理服务
datanode - HDFS的节点服务
tasktracker - 并行计算的job执行服务
本文定义的规范，避免在配置多台服务器上产生理解上的混乱：
所有直接以 $ 开头，没有跟随主机名的命令，都代表需要在所有的服务器上执行，除非后面有单独的//开头或在标题说明。
1. 选择最好的安装包
为了更方便和更规范的部署Hadoop集群，我们采用Cloudera的集成包。
因为Cloudera对Hadoop相关的系统做了很多优化，避免了很多因各个系统间版本不符产生的很多Bug。
这也是很多资深Hadoop管理员所推荐的。
https://ccp.cloudera.com/display/DOC/Documentation/
2. 安装Java环境
由于整个Hadoop项目主要是通过Java开发完成的，因此需要JVM的支持。
登陆www.oracle.com（需要创建一个ID），从以下地址下载一个64位的JDK，如jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
$ sudo rpm -ivh jdk-7u45-linux-x64.rpm
$ sudo vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45 export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATH export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
$ sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/java.sh
$ source /etc/profile
3. 配置Hadoop安装源
$ sudo rpm --import http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh4/redhat/5/x86_64/cdh/RPM-GPG-KEY-cloudera
$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
$ sudo wget http://archive.cloudera.com/cdh4/redhat/6/x86_64/cdh/cloudera-cdh4.repo
4. 安装Hadoop相关套件，选择MRv1的框架支持
$ sudo yum install hadoop-hdfs-namenode //仅在hadoop-master上安装
$ sudo yum install hadoop-hdfs-secondarynamenode //仅在hadoop-secondary上安装
$ sudo yum install hadoop-0.20-mapreduce-jobtracker //仅在hadoop-secondary上安装
$ sudo yum install hadoop-hdfs-datanode //仅在hadoop-node上安装
$ sudo yum install hadoop-0.20-mapreduce-tasktracker //仅在hadoop-node上安装
$ sudo yum install hadoop-client
5. 创建Hadoop配置文件
$ sudo cp -r /etc/hadoop/conf.dist /etc/hadoop/conf.my_cluster
6. 激活新的配置文件
$ sudo alternatives --verbose --install /etc/hadoop/conf hadoop-conf /etc/hadoop/conf.my_cluster 50
$ sudo alternatives --set hadoop-conf /etc/hadoop/conf.my_cluster
$ cd /etc/hadoop/conf
7. 添加hosts记录并修改对应的主机名
$ sudo vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 172.17.20.230 hadoop-master 172.17.20.234 hadoop-secondary 172.17.20.231 hadoop-node-1 172.17.20.232 hadoop-node-2 172.17.20.233 hadoop-node-3
8. 安装LZO支持
$ cd /etc/yum.repos.d
$ sudo wget http://archive.cloudera.com/gplextras/redhat/6/x86_64/gplextras/cloudera-gplextras4.repo
$ sudo yum install hadoop-lzo-cdh4
9. 配置hadoop/conf下的文件
$ sudo vim /etc/hadoop/conf/masters
hadoop-master
$ sudo vim /etc/hadoop/conf/slaves
hadoop-node-1 hadoop-node-2 hadoop-node-3
10. 创建hadoop的HDFS目录
$ sudo mkdir -p /data/{1,2,3,4}/mapred/local
$ sudo chown -R mapred:hadoop /data/{1,2,3,4}/mapred/local
$ sudo mkdir -p /data/1/dfs/nn /nfsmount/dfs/nn /data/1/dfs/ns /data/{1,2,3,4}/dfs/dn
$ sudo chown -R hdfs:hdfs /data/1/dfs/nn /nfsmount/dfs/nn /data/1/dfs/ns /data/{1,2,3,4}/dfs/dn
$ sudo chmod 700 /data/1/dfs/nn /nfsmount/dfs/nn /data/1/dfs/ns /data/{1,2,3,4}/dfs/dn
$ sudo mkdir /data/tmp
$ sudo chmod 1777 /data/tmp
11. 配置core-site.xml
$ sudo vim /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://heylinux.com/archives/configuration.xsl"?>
fs.defaultFS
hdfs://hadoop-master:8020
hadoop.tmp.dir
/data/tmp/hadoop-${user.name}
hadoop.proxyuser.oozie.hosts
*
hadoop.proxyuser.oozie.groups
*
hadoop.proxyuser.hive.hosts
*
hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups
*
12. 配置hdfs-site.xml
$ sudo vim /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://heylinux.com/archives/configuration.xsl"?> dfs.namenode.name.dir /data/1/dfs/nn,/nfsmount/dfs/nn dfs.namenode.http-address hadoop-master:50070 fs.namenode.checkpoint.period 3600 fs.namenode.checkpoint.dir /data/1/dfs/ns dfs.namenode.secondary.http-address hadoop-secondary:50090 dfs.replication 3 dfs.permissions.superusergroup supergroup dfs.datanode.data.dir /data/1/dfs/dn,/data/2/dfs/dn,/data/3/dfs/dn dfs.datanode.max.xcievers 4096
13. 配置mapred-site.xml
$ sudo vim /etc/hadoop/conf/mapred-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://heylinux.com/archives/configuration.xsl"?> mapred.job.tracker hadoop-secondary:8021 mapred.local.dir /data/1/mapred/local,/data/2/mapred/local,/data/3/mapred/local
14. 格式化HDFS分布式文件系统
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop namenode -format //仅在hadoop-master上执行一次
15. 启动Hadoop进程
在hadoop-master上启动namenode
$ sudo /etc/init.d//etc/init.d/hadoop-hdfs-namenode start
在hadoop-secondary上启动secondarynamenode,jobtracker
$ sudo /etc/init.d/hadoop-hdfs-secondarynamenode start
$ sudo /etc/init.d/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce-jobtracker start
在hadoop-node上启动datanode,tasktracker
$ sudo /etc/init.d/hadoop-hdfs-datanode start
$ sudo /etc/init.d/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce-tasktracker start
16. 创建mapred.system.dir以及/tmp HDFS目录
以下HDFS操作仅需在任意一台主机上执行一次
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chmod -R 1777 /tmp
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -mkdir -p /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/cache/mapred/mapred/staging
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chmod 1777 /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/cache/mapred/mapred/staging
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chown -R mapred /var/lib/hadoop-hdfs/cache/mapred
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -ls -R /
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -mkdir /tmp/mapred/system
$ sudo -u hdfs hadoop fs -chown mapred:hadoop /tmp/mapred/system
17. 配置HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME
$ sudo vim /etc/profile.d/hadoop.sh
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/usr/lib/hadoop-0.20-mapreduce
$ source /etc/profile
18. 查看整个集群的状态
通过网页进行查看：http://hadoop-master:50070
19. 至此，Hadoop(HDFS)的搭建就已经完成。