大数据备份和恢复应用案例--通过分区表备份和恢复数据 海量数据备份和恢复方案 对于OLAP的数据库的业务特点,是将批量的数据加载入库,然后对这些数据进行分析处理,比如报表或者数据挖掘,最后给业务提供一种决策支持;另外,这类数据库的数据实时性非常高
大数据备份和恢复应用案例--通过分区表备份和恢复数据
海量数据备份和恢复方案
对于OLAP的数据库的业务特点,是将批量的数据加载入库,然后对这些数据进行分析处理,比如报表或者数据挖掘,最后给业务提供一种决策支持;另外,这类数据库的数据实时性非常高,一旦这些数据处理完毕后,就很少再次使用(有时,也需要对这类数据进行查询)。
对于OLAP数据库的备份和恢复可以考虑这样几种方案:
1、使用分布式数据库
将数据分布到多个库里,当数据库恢复时,只需要恢复单个库的数据,大大节省恢复时间。
2、结合分区技术,以传输表空间方式进行备份和恢复
1、建立分区表,将分区存储在不同的表空间 [oracle@RH6 ~]$sqlplus '/as sysdba' SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Nov 18 17:15:47 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options 17:15:47 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs1 17:16:03 2 datafile '/dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:17:00 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs2 17:17:11 2 datafile '/dsk2/oradata/prod/tbs2.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:17:49 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs3 17:17:57 2 datafile '/dsk3/oradata/prod/tbs3.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:18:35 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs1_indx 17:18:49 2 datafile '/dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:19:43 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs2_indx 17:19:54 2 datafile '/dsk2/oradata/prod/tbs2_indx.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:20:18 SYS@ prod >create tablespace tbs3_indx 17:20:30 2 datafile '/dsk3/oradata/prod/tbs3_indx.dbf' size 10m; Tablespace created. 17:22:12 SYS@ prod >select file_id,file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files FILE_ID FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 11 /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf TBS1 12 /dsk2/oradata/prod/tbs2.dbf TBS2 13 /dsk3/oradata/prod/tbs3.dbf TBS3 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf USERS 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf SYSTEM 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf EXAMPLE 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users02.dbf USERS 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/catatbs1.dbf CATATBS 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/perfertbs1.dbf PERFERTBS 9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/oggtbs1.dbf OGG_TBS 10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf TEST1 14 /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf TBS1_INDX 15 /dsk2/oradata/prod/tbs2_indx.dbf TBS2_INDX 16 /dsk3/oradata/prod/tbs3_indx.dbf TBS3_INDX 建立分区表及索引: 17:26:41 SCOTT@ prod >create table t1(id int,name varchar2(1000)) 17:26:57 2 partition by range(id) 17:27:01 3 (partition p1 values less than(1000) tablespace tbs1, 17:27:13 4 partition p2 values less than(2000) tablespace tbs2, 17:27:23 5 partition p3 values less than(maxvalue) tablespace tbs3); Table created. 17:30:33 SCOTT@ prod >create index t1_indx on t1(id) local 2 ( 3 partition p1 tablespace tbs1_indx, 4 partition p2 tablespace tbs2_indx, 5* partition p3 tablespace tbs3_indx ) / 17:30:37 SCOTT@ prod >select partition_name,tablespace_name from user_segments where segment_name='T1'; PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ P1 TBS1 P2 TBS2 P3 TBS3 17:31:33 SCOTT@ prod >select partition_name,tablespace_name from user_segments where segment_name='T1_INDX'; PARTITION_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME ------------------------------ ------------------------------ P1 TBS1_INDX P2 TBS2_INDX P3 TBS3_INDX 插入数据: 17:34:09 SYS@ prod >begin 17:34:26 2 for i in 1..3 loop 17:34:32 3 insert into scott.t1 select object_id*i,object_name from dba_objects where object_id <1000; 17:34:43 4 end loop; 17:34:51 5 commit; 17:34:57 6 end; 17:35:02 7 / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:32:08 SCOTT@ prod >select count(*) from t1; COUNT(*) ---------- 2826 17:36:52 SCOTT@ prod >select 'p1',count(*) from t1 partition(p1) 17:37:42 2 union 17:37:47 3 select 'p2',count(*) from t1 partition(p2) 17:38:11 4 union 17:38:13 5 select 'p3',count(*) from t1 partition(p3); 'P1' COUNT(*) -------------------------------- ---------- p1 1740 p2 774 p3 312 2、传输表空间 17:35:04 SYS@ prod >alter tablespace tbs1 read only; Tablespace altered. 17:41:02 SYS@ prod >alter tablespace tbs1_indx read only; Tablespace altered. 17:39:14 SYS@ prod >create directory tbs_dir as '/home/oracle/data'; Directory created. 17:40:30 SYS@ prod >grant read,write on directory tbs_dir to scott; Grant succeeded. [oracle@RH6 data]$ expdp system/oracle directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_tablespaces=tbs1,tbs1_indx logfile=p1.log Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 18 17:44:25 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_tablespaces=tbs1,tbs1_indx logfile=p1.log ORA-39123: Data Pump transportable tablespace job aborted ORA-39187: The transportable set is not self-contained, violation list is ORA-39901: Partitioned table SCOTT.T1 is partially contained in the transportable set. ORA-39921: Default Partition (Table) Tablespace USERS for T1 not contained in transportable set. Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" stopped due to fatal error at 17:44:49 传输表空间出错,表空间处于非自包含模式: 18:14:47 SYS@ prod >exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check('TBS1',true); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 18:17:49 SYS@ prod >select * from transport_set_violations; VIOLATIONS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ORA-39921: Default Partition (Table) Tablespace USERS for T1 not contained in transportable set. . ORA-39901: Partitioned table SCOTT.T1 is partially contained in the transportable set. 解决方法,需要创建一个临时表和一个临时表索引,将分区和分区索引交换到临时表和临时表索引表空间上,然后到处临时表和临时表索引。由于临时表不是分区表,它们呢所在的表空间符合自包含条件。 17:45:37 SCOTT@ prod >create table t1_tmp as select * from t1 where 1=3; Table created. Elapsed: 00:00:00.20 17:45:58 SCOTT@ prod >create index t1_tmp_indx on t1_tmp(id); Index created. 17:46:33 SCOTT@ prod >select segment_name,tablespace_name from user_segments 17:47:18 2 where segment_name in ('T1_TMP','T1_TMP_INDX'); SEGMENT_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ T1_TMP USERS T1_TMP_INDX USERS 将分区表交换到临时表: 17:48:32 SCOTT@ prod >alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t1_tmp including indexes; Table altered. 17:49:02 SCOTT@ prod >select segment_name,tablespace_name from user_segments 17:49:35 2 where segment_name in ('T1_TMP','T1_TMP_INDX'); SEGMENT_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ T1_TMP TBS1 T1_TMP_INDX TBS1_INDX 17:50:44 SYS@ prod >exec dbms_tts.transport_set_check('TBS1',true); PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:51:59 SYS@ prod >select * from transport_set_violations; no rows selected 已经符合自包含条件 [oracle@RH6 data]$ expdp system/oracle directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_tablespaces=tbs1,tbs1_indx logfile=p1.log Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 18 17:52:55 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_tablespaces=tbs1,tbs1_indx logfile=p1.log Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded ****************************************************************************** Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is: /home/oracle/data/p1.dmp ****************************************************************************** Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TBS1: /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TBS1_INDX: /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:54:17 表空间导出成功! 17:56:16 SYS@ prod >select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name in ('TBS1','TBS1_INDX'); FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf TBS1 /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf TBS1_INDX [oracle@RH6 ~]$ cp /dsk1/oradata/prod/tbs1* /home/oracle/data [oracle@RH6 ~]$ ls -lh /home/oracle/data total 21M -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 92K Nov 18 17:54 p1.dmp -rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1.4K Nov 18 17:54 p1.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 11M Nov 18 17:57 tbs1.dbf -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 11M Nov 18 17:57 tbs1_indx.dbf 然后再将表空间的数据文件进行备份,由于表空间传输,只是导出了metadata,所以数据量非常小,速度非常快。 3、数据恢复 17:58:29 SYS@ prod >drop tablespace tbs1 including contents and datafiles; Tablespace dropped. 17:58:55 SYS@ prod >drop tablespace tbs1_indx including contents and datafiles; Tablespace dropped. 17:59:12 SYS@ prod >col segment_name for a20 17:59:42 SYS@ prod >col partition_name for a10 17:59:49 SYS@ prod >col tablespace_name for a10 17:59:59 SYS@ prod >select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments 18:00:32 2 where segment_name in ('T1','T1_INDX') order by 2; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_ TABLESPACE -------------------- ---------- ---------- T1 P1 USERS T1_INDX P1 USERS T1_INDX P2 TBS2_INDX T1 P2 TBS2 T1_INDX P3 TBS3_INDX T1 P3 TBS3 6 rows selected. 拷贝备份数据文件到数据库下,进行数据导入 [oracle@RH6 oradata]$ cp /home/oracle/data/tbs1*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/ [oracle@RH6 data]$ impdp system/oracle directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_datafiles='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf' logfile=imp.log Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Nov 18 18:06:22 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** directory=tbs_dir dumpfile=p1.dmp transport_datafiles=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1.dbf,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/tbs1_indx.dbf logfile=imp.log Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 18:06:37 数据导入成功 18:01:03 SYS@ prod >select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments 18:07:37 2 where segment_name in ('T1_TMP','T1_TMP_INDX'); SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_ TABLESPACE -------------------- ---------- ---------- T1_TMP TBS1 T1_TMP_INDX TBS1_INDX 18:09:40 SCOTT@ prod >alter table t1 exchange partition p1 with table t1_tmp including indexes; Table altered. 18:08:15 SYS@ prod >select segment_name,partition_name,tablespace_name from dba_segments 18:10:46 2 where segment_name in ('T1','T1_INDX') order by 2; SEGMENT_NAME PARTITION_ TABLESPACE -------------------- ---------- ---------- T1 P1 TBS1 T1_INDX P1 TBS1_INDX T1_INDX P2 TBS2_INDX T1 P2 TBS2 T1_INDX P3 TBS3_INDX T1 P3 TBS3 6 rows selected. 访问正常(索引亦导入成功) 18:12:07 SCOTT@ prod >col name for a50 18:12:19 SCOTT@ prod >r 1* select * from t1 where id=4 ID NAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 4 C_OBJ# 4 TAB$ Elapsed: 00:00:00.00 Execution Plan ---------------------------------------------------------- Plan hash value: 1229066337 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | Pstart| Pstop | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 2 | 1030 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | | | | 1 | PARTITION RANGE SINGLE | | 2 | 1030 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 1 | 1 | | 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID| T1 | 2 | 1030 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 1 | 1 | |* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T1_INDX | 1 | | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | 1 | 1 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 3 - access("ID"=4) Note ----- - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2) Statistics ---------------------------------------------------------- 0 recursive calls 0 db block gets 5 consistent gets 0 physical reads 0 redo size 524 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client 0 sorts (memory) 0 sorts (disk) 2 rows processed 18:11:05 SYS@ prod >alter tablespace tbs1 read write; Tablespace altered. Elapsed: 00:00:02.10 18:14:34 SYS@ prod >alter tablespace tbs1_indx read write; Tablespace altered.
三、备份载入的原介质

ACID屬性包括原子性、一致性、隔離性和持久性,是數據庫設計的基石。 1.原子性確保事務要么完全成功,要么完全失敗。 2.一致性保證數據庫在事務前後保持一致狀態。 3.隔離性確保事務之間互不干擾。 4.持久性確保事務提交後數據永久保存。

MySQL既是數據庫管理系統(DBMS),也與編程語言緊密相關。 1)作為DBMS,MySQL用於存儲、組織和檢索數據,優化索引可提高查詢性能。 2)通過SQL與編程語言結合,嵌入在如Python中,使用ORM工具如SQLAlchemy可簡化操作。 3)性能優化包括索引、查詢、緩存、分庫分錶和事務管理。

MySQL使用SQL命令管理數據。 1.基本命令包括SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE。 2.高級用法涉及JOIN、子查詢和聚合函數。 3.常見錯誤有語法、邏輯和性能問題。 4.優化技巧包括使用索引、避免SELECT*和使用LIMIT。

MySQL是一種高效的關係型數據庫管理系統,適用於存儲和管理數據。其優勢包括高性能查詢、靈活的事務處理和豐富的數據類型。實際應用中,MySQL常用於電商平台、社交網絡和內容管理系統,但需注意性能優化、數據安全和擴展性。

SQL和MySQL的關係是標準語言與具體實現的關係。 1.SQL是用於管理和操作關係數據庫的標準語言,允許進行數據的增、刪、改、查。 2.MySQL是一個具體的數據庫管理系統,使用SQL作為其操作語言,並提供高效的數據存儲和管理。

InnoDB使用redologs和undologs確保數據一致性和可靠性。 1.redologs記錄數據頁修改,確保崩潰恢復和事務持久性。 2.undologs記錄數據原始值,支持事務回滾和MVCC。

EXPLAIN命令的關鍵指標包括type、key、rows和Extra。 1)type反映查詢的訪問類型,值越高效率越高,如const優於ALL。 2)key顯示使用的索引,NULL表示無索引。 3)rows預估掃描行數,影響查詢性能。 4)Extra提供額外信息,如Usingfilesort提示需要優化。

Usingtemporary在MySQL查詢中表示需要創建臨時表,常見於使用DISTINCT、GROUPBY或非索引列的ORDERBY。可以通過優化索引和重寫查詢避免其出現,提升查詢性能。具體來說,Usingtemporary出現在EXPLAIN輸出中時,意味著MySQL需要創建臨時表來處理查詢。這通常發生在以下情況:1)使用DISTINCT或GROUPBY時進行去重或分組;2)ORDERBY包含非索引列時進行排序;3)使用複雜的子查詢或聯接操作。優化方法包括:1)為ORDERBY和GROUPB


熱AI工具

Undresser.AI Undress
人工智慧驅動的應用程序,用於創建逼真的裸體照片

AI Clothes Remover
用於從照片中去除衣服的線上人工智慧工具。

Undress AI Tool
免費脫衣圖片

Clothoff.io
AI脫衣器

AI Hentai Generator
免費產生 AI 無盡。

熱門文章

熱工具

Dreamweaver Mac版
視覺化網頁開發工具

PhpStorm Mac 版本
最新(2018.2.1 )專業的PHP整合開發工具

SublimeText3 英文版
推薦:為Win版本,支援程式碼提示!

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) 是一個PHP/MySQL的Web應用程序,非常容易受到攻擊。它的主要目標是成為安全專業人員在合法環境中測試自己的技能和工具的輔助工具,幫助Web開發人員更好地理解保護網路應用程式的過程,並幫助教師/學生在課堂環境中教授/學習Web應用程式安全性。 DVWA的目標是透過簡單直接的介面練習一些最常見的Web漏洞,難度各不相同。請注意,該軟體中

mPDF
mPDF是一個PHP庫,可以從UTF-8編碼的HTML產生PDF檔案。原作者Ian Back編寫mPDF以從他的網站上「即時」輸出PDF文件,並處理不同的語言。與原始腳本如HTML2FPDF相比,它的速度較慢,並且在使用Unicode字體時產生的檔案較大,但支援CSS樣式等,並進行了大量增強。支援幾乎所有語言,包括RTL(阿拉伯語和希伯來語)和CJK(中日韓)。支援嵌套的區塊級元素(如P、DIV),