前些天一台redis机器硬盘写满了,主要是由于程序bug导致备份量激增,而恰好监控程序的通知机制也罢工了,于是第一次体验到了redis的罢工(只读不写)。 现在我们来看下在磁盘写满后redis的处理机制: save流程:serverCron-rdbSaveBackground-rdbSave save后
前些天一台redis机器硬盘写满了,主要是由于程序bug导致备份量激增,而恰好监控程序的通知机制也罢工了,于是第一次体验到了redis的罢工(只读不写)。
现在我们来看下在磁盘写满后redis的处理机制:save流程:serverCron->rdbSaveBackground->rdbSave
save后流程:serverCron->backgroundSaveDoneHandler
上述流程产生的结果就是server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR,
受其影响,processCommand和luaRedisGenericCommand中判断如果是写操作,则直接返回REDIS_OK,而没有实际写入
1.rdbSave所有的写出错都会返回REDIS_ERR
int rdbSave(char *filename) { dictIterator *di = NULL; dictEntry *de; char tmpfile[256]; char magic[10]; int j; long long now = mstime(); FILE *fp; rio rdb; uint64_t cksum; snprintf(tmpfile,256,"temp-%d.rdb", (int) getpid()); fp = fopen(tmpfile,"w"); if (!fp) { redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Failed opening .rdb for saving: %s", strerror(errno)); return REDIS_ERR; } rioInitWithFile(&rdb,fp); if (server.rdb_checksum) rdb.update_cksum = rioGenericUpdateChecksum; snprintf(magic,sizeof(magic),"REDIS%04d",REDIS_RDB_VERSION); if (rdbWriteRaw(&rdb,magic,9) == -1) goto werr; for (j = 0; j < server.dbnum; j++) { redisDb *db = server.db+j; dict *d = db->dict; if (dictSize(d) == 0) continue; di = dictGetSafeIterator(d); if (!di) { fclose(fp); return REDIS_ERR; } /* Write the SELECT DB opcode */ if (rdbSaveType(&rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_SELECTDB) == -1) goto werr; if (rdbSaveLen(&rdb,j) == -1) goto werr; /* Iterate this DB writing every entry */ while((de = dictNext(di)) != NULL) { sds keystr = dictGetKey(de); robj key, *o = dictGetVal(de); long long expire; initStaticStringObject(key,keystr); expire = getExpire(db,&key); if (rdbSaveKeyValuePair(&rdb,&key,o,expire,now) == -1) goto werr; } dictReleaseIterator(di); } di = NULL; /* So that we don't release it again on error. */ /* EOF opcode */ if (rdbSaveType(&rdb,REDIS_RDB_OPCODE_EOF) == -1) goto werr; /* CRC64 checksum. It will be zero if checksum computation is disabled, the * loading code skips the check in this case. */ cksum = rdb.cksum; memrev64ifbe(&cksum); if (rioWrite(&rdb,&cksum,8) == 0) goto werr; /* Make sure data will not remain on the OS's output buffers */ if (fflush(fp) == EOF) goto werr; if (fsync(fileno(fp)) == -1) goto werr; if (fclose(fp) == EOF) goto werr; /* Use RENAME to make sure the DB file is changed atomically only * if the generate DB file is ok. */ if (rename(tmpfile,filename) == -1) { redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Error moving temp DB file on the final destination: %s", strerror(errno)); unlink(tmpfile); return REDIS_ERR; } redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"DB saved on disk"); server.dirty = 0; server.lastsave = time(NULL); server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_OK; return REDIS_OK; werr: fclose(fp); unlink(tmpfile); redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Write error saving DB on disk: %s", strerror(errno)); if (di) dictReleaseIterator(di); return REDIS_ERR; }
2.rdbSaveBackground中,如果子进程调用rdbsave返回REDIS_ERR,那么子进程exit(1)
int rdbSaveBackground(char *filename) { pid_t childpid; long long start; if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1) return REDIS_ERR; server.dirty_before_bgsave = server.dirty; server.lastbgsave_try = time(NULL); start = ustime(); if ((childpid = fork()) == 0) { int retval; /* Child */ closeListeningSockets(0); redisSetProcTitle("redis-rdb-bgsave"); retval = rdbSave(filename); if (retval == REDIS_OK) { size_t private_dirty = zmalloc_get_private_dirty(); if (private_dirty) { redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "RDB: %zu MB of memory used by copy-on-write", private_dirty/(1024*1024)); } } exitFromChild((retval == REDIS_OK) ? 0 : 1); //进程退出时返回0/1 } else { /* Parent */ server.stat_fork_time = ustime()-start; if (childpid == -1) { server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR; redisLog(REDIS_WARNING,"Can't save in background: fork: %s", strerror(errno)); return REDIS_ERR; } redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE,"Background saving started by pid %d",childpid); server.rdb_save_time_start = time(NULL); server.rdb_child_pid = childpid; updateDictResizePolicy(); return REDIS_OK; } return REDIS_OK; /* unreached */ }3.bgsave完成后,serverCron中得到bgsave子进程的返回码进行后续处理
/* Check if a background saving or AOF rewrite in progress terminated. */ if (server.rdb_child_pid != -1 || server.aof_child_pid != -1) { int statloc; pid_t pid; if ((pid = wait3(&statloc,WNOHANG,NULL)) != 0) { int exitcode = WEXITSTATUS(statloc); int bysignal = 0; if (WIFSIGNALED(statloc)) bysignal = WTERMSIG(statloc); if (pid == server.rdb_child_pid) { backgroundSaveDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal); //根据bgsave子进程的exitcode以及是否由信号结束的标签进行后续处理 } else if (pid == server.aof_child_pid) { backgroundRewriteDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal); } else { redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Warning, detected child with unmatched pid: %ld", (long)pid); } updateDictResizePolicy(); } }4.如果子进程非信号结束,并且exitcode非0,那么设置bgsave状态为REDIS_ERR
void backgroundSaveDoneHandler(int exitcode, int bysignal) { if (!bysignal && exitcode == 0) { redisLog(REDIS_NOTICE, "Background saving terminated with success"); server.dirty = server.dirty - server.dirty_before_bgsave; server.lastsave = time(NULL); server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_OK; } else if (!bysignal && exitcode != 0) { redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Background saving error"); server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR; //状态转换 } else { mstime_t latency; redisLog(REDIS_WARNING, "Background saving terminated by signal %d", bysignal); latencyStartMonitor(latency); rdbRemoveTempFile(server.rdb_child_pid); latencyEndMonitor(latency); latencyAddSampleIfNeeded("rdb-unlink-temp-file",latency); /* SIGUSR1 is whitelisted, so we have a way to kill a child without * tirggering an error conditon. */ if (bysignal != SIGUSR1) server.lastbgsave_status = REDIS_ERR; } server.rdb_child_pid = -1; server.rdb_save_time_last = time(NULL)-server.rdb_save_time_start; server.rdb_save_time_start = -1; /* Possibly there are slaves waiting for a BGSAVE in order to be served * (the first stage of SYNC is a bulk transfer of dump.rdb) */ updateSlavesWaitingBgsave((!bysignal && exitcode == 0) ? REDIS_OK : REDIS_ERR); }5.processCommand中判定cmd是写操作的话,直接返回REDIS_OK
/* Don't accept write commands if there are problems persisting on disk * and if this is a master instance. */ if (((server.stop_writes_on_bgsave_err && server.saveparamslen > 0 && server.lastbgsave_status == REDIS_ERR) || server.aof_last_write_status == REDIS_ERR) && server.masterhost == NULL && (c->cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_WRITE || c->cmd->proc == pingCommand)) { flagTransaction(c); if (server.aof_last_write_status == REDIS_OK) addReply(c, shared.bgsaveerr); else addReplySds(c, sdscatprintf(sdsempty(), "-MISCONF Errors writing to the AOF file: %s\r\n", strerror(server.aof_last_write_errno))); return REDIS_OK; }6.luaRedisGenericCommand中判定cmd是写操作的话,屏蔽
/* Write commands are forbidden against read-only slaves, or if a * command marked as non-deterministic was already called in the context * of this script. */ if (cmd->flags & REDIS_CMD_WRITE) { if (server.lua_random_dirty) { luaPushError(lua, "Write commands not allowed after non deterministic commands"); goto cleanup; } else if (server.masterhost && server.repl_slave_ro && !server.loading && !(server.lua_caller->flags & REDIS_MASTER)) { luaPushError(lua, shared.roslaveerr->ptr); goto cleanup; } else if (server.stop_writes_on_bgsave_err && server.saveparamslen > 0 && server.lastbgsave_status == REDIS_ERR) { luaPushError(lua, shared.bgsaveerr->ptr); goto cleanup; } } cleanup: /* Clean up. Command code may have changed argv/argc so we use the * argv/argc of the client instead of the local variables. */ for (j = 0; j < c->argc; j++) { robj *o = c->argv[j]; /* Try to cache the object in the cached_objects array. * The object must be small, SDS-encoded, and with refcount = 1 * (we must be the only owner) for us to cache it. */ if (j < LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_SIZE && o->refcount == 1 && o->encoding == REDIS_ENCODING_RAW && sdslen(o->ptr) <= LUA_CMD_OBJCACHE_MAX_LEN) { struct sdshdr *sh = (void*)(((char*)(o->ptr))-(sizeof(struct sdshdr))); if (cached_objects[j]) decrRefCount(cached_objects[j]); cached_objects[j] = o; cached_objects_len[j] = sh->free + sh->len; } else { decrRefCount(o); } } if (c->argv != argv) { zfree(c->argv); argv = NULL; } if (raise_error) { /* If we are here we should have an error in the stack, in the * form of a table with an "err" field. Extract the string to * return the plain error. */ lua_pushstring(lua,"err"); lua_gettable(lua,-2); return lua_error(lua); } return 1;

如何有效監控MySQL性能?使用mysqladmin、SHOWGLOBALSTATUS、PerconaMonitoringandManagement(PMM)和MySQLEnterpriseMonitor等工具。 1.使用mysqladmin查看連接數。 2.用SHOWGLOBALSTATUS查看查詢數。 3.PMM提供詳細性能數據和圖形化界面。 4.MySQLEnterpriseMonitor提供豐富的監控功能和報警機制。

MySQL和SQLServer的区别在于:1)MySQL是开源的,适用于Web和嵌入式系统,2)SQLServer是微软的商业产品,适用于企业级应用。两者在存储引擎、性能优化和应用场景上有显著差异,选择时需考虑项目规模和未来扩展性。

在需要高可用性、高級安全性和良好集成性的企業級應用場景下,應選擇SQLServer而不是MySQL。 1)SQLServer提供企業級功能,如高可用性和高級安全性。 2)它與微軟生態系統如VisualStudio和PowerBI緊密集成。 3)SQLServer在性能優化方面表現出色,支持內存優化表和列存儲索引。

mySqlManagesCharacterSetsetSandCollationsyutusututf-8asthEdeFault,允許ConfigurationAtdataBase,table和columnlevels,AndrequiringCarefullageLignmentToavoidMismatches.1)setDefeaultCharactersetTercharactersetEtCollacterSeteTandColletationForAdataBase.2)conformentcollecharactersettersetertersetcollatertersetcollationcollation

MySQL觸發器是與表相關聯的自動執行的存儲過程,用於在特定數據操作時執行一系列操作。 1)觸發器定義與作用:用於數據校驗、日誌記錄等。 2)工作原理:分為BEFORE和AFTER,支持行級觸發。 3)使用示例:可用於記錄薪資變更或更新庫存。 4)調試技巧:使用SHOWTRIGGERS和SHOWCREATETRIGGER命令。 5)性能優化:避免複雜操作,使用索引,管理事務。

在MySQL中創建和管理用戶賬戶的步驟如下:1.創建用戶:使用CREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';2.分配權限:使用GRANTSELECT,INSERT,UPDATEONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost';3.修正權限錯誤:使用REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydatabase.FROM'newuser'@'localhost';然後重新分配權限;4.優化權限:使用SHOWGRA

MySQL適合快速開發和中小型應用,Oracle適合大型企業和高可用性需求。 1)MySQL開源、易用,適用於Web應用和中小型企業。 2)Oracle功能強大,適合大型企業和政府機構。 3)MySQL支持多種存儲引擎,Oracle提供豐富的企業級功能。

MySQL相比其他關係型數據庫的劣勢包括:1.性能問題:在處理大規模數據時可能遇到瓶頸,PostgreSQL在復雜查詢和大數據處理上表現更優。 2.擴展性:水平擴展能力不如GoogleSpanner和AmazonAurora。 3.功能限制:在高級功能上不如PostgreSQL和Oracle,某些功能需要更多自定義代碼和維護。


熱AI工具

Undresser.AI Undress
人工智慧驅動的應用程序,用於創建逼真的裸體照片

AI Clothes Remover
用於從照片中去除衣服的線上人工智慧工具。

Undress AI Tool
免費脫衣圖片

Clothoff.io
AI脫衣器

Video Face Swap
使用我們完全免費的人工智慧換臉工具,輕鬆在任何影片中換臉!

熱門文章

熱工具

SublimeText3 Linux新版
SublimeText3 Linux最新版

VSCode Windows 64位元 下載
微軟推出的免費、功能強大的一款IDE編輯器

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
這個專案正在遷移到osdn.net/projects/mingw的過程中,你可以繼續在那裡關注我們。 MinGW:GNU編譯器集合(GCC)的本機Windows移植版本,可自由分發的導入函式庫和用於建置本機Windows應用程式的頭檔;包括對MSVC執行時間的擴展,以支援C99功能。 MinGW的所有軟體都可以在64位元Windows平台上運作。

Dreamweaver Mac版
視覺化網頁開發工具

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) 是一個PHP/MySQL的Web應用程序,非常容易受到攻擊。它的主要目標是成為安全專業人員在合法環境中測試自己的技能和工具的輔助工具,幫助Web開發人員更好地理解保護網路應用程式的過程,並幫助教師/學生在課堂環境中教授/學習Web應用程式安全性。 DVWA的目標是透過簡單直接的介面練習一些最常見的Web漏洞,難度各不相同。請注意,該軟體中