濾鏡模式
過濾器模式(Filter Pattern)或標準模式(Criteria Pattern)是一種設計模式,這種模式允許開發人員使用不同的標準來過濾一組對象,透過邏輯運算以解耦的方式把它們連接起來。這種類型的設計模式屬於結構型模式,它結合多個標準來獲得單一標準。
實作
我們將建立一個Person 物件、Criteria 介面和實作了該介面的實體類,來過濾Person 物件的列表。 CriteriaPatternDemo,我們的示範類別使用 Criteria 對象,基於各種標準和它們的結合來過濾 Person 物件的列表。
步驟 1
建立一個類,在該類別上應用標準。
Person.java
public class Person { private String name; private String gender; private String maritalStatus; public Person(String name,String gender,String maritalStatus){ this.name = name; this.gender = gender; this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public String getMaritalStatus() { return maritalStatus; } }
步驟 2
為標準(Criteria)建立一個介面。
Criteria.java
import java.util.List; public interface Criteria { public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons); }
步驟 3
建立實作了 Criteria 介面的實體類別。
CriteriaMale.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class CriteriaMale implements Criteria { @Override public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) { List<Person> malePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); for (Person person : persons) { if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("MALE")){ malePersons.add(person); } } return malePersons; } }
CriteriaFemale.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class CriteriaFemale implements Criteria { @Override public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) { List<Person> femalePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); for (Person person : persons) { if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("FEMALE")){ femalePersons.add(person); } } return femalePersons; } }
CriteriaSingle.java
#import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class CriteriaSingle implements Criteria { @Override public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) { List<Person> singlePersons = new ArrayList<Person>(); for (Person person : persons) { if(person.getMaritalStatus().equalsIgnoreCase("SINGLE")){ singlePersons.add(person); } } return singlePersons; } }
AndCriteria.java
import java.util.List; public class AndCriteria implements Criteria { private Criteria criteria; private Criteria otherCriteria; public AndCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) { this.criteria = criteria; this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; } @Override public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) { List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.meetCriteria(persons); return otherCriteria.meetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons); } }
#OrCriteria.java
import java.util.List; public class OrCriteria implements Criteria { private Criteria criteria; private Criteria otherCriteria; public OrCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) { this.criteria = criteria; this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria; } @Override public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) { List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.meetCriteria(persons); List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.meetCriteria(persons); for (Person person : otherCriteriaItems) { if(!firstCriteriaItems.contains(person)){ firstCriteriaItems.add(person); } } return firstCriteriaItems; } }
步驟4
#使用不同的標準(Criteria )和它們的結合來過濾Person 物件的列表。
CriteriaPatternDemo.java
import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class CriteriaPatternDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>(); persons.add(new Person("Robert","Male", "Single")); persons.add(new Person("John","Male", "Married")); persons.add(new Person("Laura","Female", "Married")); persons.add(new Person("Diana","Female", "Single")); persons.add(new Person("Mike","Male", "Single")); persons.add(new Person("Bobby","Male", "Single")); Criteria male = new CriteriaMale(); Criteria female = new CriteriaFemale(); Criteria single = new CriteriaSingle(); Criteria singleMale = new AndCriteria(single, male); Criteria singleOrFemale = new OrCriteria(single, female); System.out.println("Males: "); printPersons(male.meetCriteria(persons)); System.out.println("\nFemales: "); printPersons(female.meetCriteria(persons)); System.out.println("\nSingle Males: "); printPersons(singleMale.meetCriteria(persons)); System.out.println("\nSingle Or Females: "); printPersons(singleOrFemale.meetCriteria(persons)); } public static void printPersons(List<Person> persons){ for (Person person : persons) { System.out.println("Person : [ Name : " + person.getName() +", Gender : " + person.getGender() +", Marital Status : " + person.getMaritalStatus() +" ]"); } } }
步驟 5
驗證輸出。
Males: Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : John, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Married ] Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Females: Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ] Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ] Single Males: Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Single Or Females: Person : [ Name : Robert, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Diana, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Mike, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Bobby, Gender : Male, Marital Status : Single ] Person : [ Name : Laura, Gender : Female, Marital Status : Married ]