Salesforce DX — 数据与销售管道

使用 sf CLI 查询数据并管理销售管道。

前提条件

# 验证 CLI 版本及认证状态
sf --version
sf org list

若未列出任何组织，请先完成认证：

sf org login web --alias my-org --set-default

模式发现（Schema Discovery）

执行查询前，先探索可用的对象与字段：

# 列出所有对象
sf sobject list --target-org my-org

# 描述对象字段
sf sobject describe --sobject Opportunity --target-org my-org

# 快速获取字段名列表（仅显示名称）
sf sobject describe --sobject Opportunity --target-org my-org | grep -E "^name:|^type:"

SOQL 查询

基础模式

# 简单查询
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount FROM Opportunity LIMIT 10"

# 带 WHERE 子句的查询
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name FROM Opportunity WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won'"

# 日期筛选
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name FROM Opportunity WHERE CloseDate = THIS_QUARTER"

# 导出为 CSV 文件
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount FROM Opportunity" --result-format csv > opps.csv

关联关系查询

# 父级查找（从 Opportunity 查 Account）
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Account.Name, Account.Industry FROM Opportunity"

# 子查询（从 Account 查其下的 Opportunities）
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Name, Amount FROM Opportunities) FROM Account LIMIT 5"

聚合查询

# COUNT 统计
sf data query -q "SELECT COUNT(Id) total FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false"

# SUM 与 GROUP BY
sf data query -q "SELECT StageName, SUM(Amount) total FROM Opportunity GROUP BY StageName"

# 多重聚合
sf data query -q "SELECT StageName, COUNT(Id) cnt, SUM(Amount) total, AVG(Amount) avg FROM Opportunity GROUP BY StageName"

批量查询（适用于大数据集）

# 当结果超过 2000 条记录时，使用 --bulk 参数
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount FROM Opportunity" --bulk --wait 10

销售管道管理

管道快照

# 按阶段划分的管道
sf data query -q "SELECT StageName, COUNT(Id) cnt, SUM(Amount) total FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false GROUP BY StageName ORDER BY StageName"

# 按负责人划分的管道
sf data query -q "SELECT Owner.Name, SUM(Amount) total FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false GROUP BY Owner.Name ORDER BY SUM(Amount) DESC"

# 按预计关闭月份划分的管道
sf data query -q "SELECT CALENDAR_MONTH(CloseDate) month, SUM(Amount) total FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false AND CloseDate = THIS_YEAR GROUP BY CALENDAR_MONTH(CloseDate) ORDER BY CALENDAR_MONTH(CloseDate)"

赢单/输单分析

# 各阶段赢单率
sf data query -q "SELECT StageName, COUNT(Id) FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = true GROUP BY StageName"

# 本季度已赢单的交易
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, CloseDate FROM Opportunity WHERE StageName = 'Closed Won' AND CloseDate = THIS_QUARTER ORDER BY Amount DESC"

# 本季度已输单的交易及其原因
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, StageName, Loss_Reason__c FROM Opportunity WHERE StageName = 'Closed Lost' AND CloseDate = THIS_QUARTER"

预测类查询

# 加权管道（假设存在 Probability 字段）
sf data query -q "SELECT StageName, SUM(Amount) gross, SUM(ExpectedRevenue) weighted FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false GROUP BY StageName"

# 本月即将关闭的交易
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate FROM Opportunity WHERE CloseDate = THIS_MONTH AND IsClosed = false ORDER BY Amount DESC"

# 滞留交易（过去 30 天无活动）
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, LastActivityDate FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false AND LastActivityDate < LAST_N_DAYS:30"

数据操作

创建记录

sf data create record -s Opportunity -v "Name='New Deal' StageName='Prospecting' CloseDate=2024-12-31 Amount=50000"

更新记录

# 按 ID 更新
sf data update record -s Opportunity -i 006xx000001234 -v "StageName='Negotiation'"

# 批量更新（通过 CSV 文件）
sf data upsert bulk -s Opportunity -f updates.csv -i Id --wait 10

导出与导入

# 导出含关联关系的数据
sf data export tree -q "SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Subject FROM Tasks) FROM Account WHERE Industry = 'Technology'" -d ./export

# 导入数据
sf data import tree -f ./export/Account.json

面向脚本的 JSON 输出

添加 --json 参数以获得结构化输出：

sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false" --json

配合 jq 解析：

sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name FROM Opportunity LIMIT 5" --json | jq '.result.records[].Name'

常用日期字面量（Date Literals）

故障排查

“Malformed query”（查询格式错误） —— 请检查字段 API 名称（而非标签名）。可使用 sf sobject describe 命令确认字段是否存在及拼写是否正确。

“QUERY_TIMEOUT”（查询超时） —— 添加更多筛选条件、使用 --bulk 参数，或显式添加 LIMIT 子句。

“INVALID_FIELD”（无效字段） —— 该字段可能在目标对象上不存在，或当前用户配置文件无访问权限。

结果集过大 —— 对返回记录数超过 2000 条的查询，请务必使用 --bulk 参数。

高管工作流

快速交易查找

按交易名称或所属客户查找：

# 按机会名称模糊匹配（fuzzy）
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate, Owner.Name, Account.Name FROM Opportunity WHERE Name LIKE '%Acme%' ORDER BY Amount DESC"

# 按客户名称匹配
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate FROM Opportunity WHERE Account.Name LIKE '%Microsoft%' AND IsClosed = false"

# 我负责的近期交易
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate, Account.Name FROM Opportunity WHERE OwnerId = '' AND IsClosed = false ORDER BY CloseDate"

外联所需联系人信息

查找某公司的可联系人员：

# 某客户的联系人
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Email, Phone, Title FROM Contact WHERE Account.Name LIKE '%Acme%'"

# 决策者（按职位筛选）
sf data query -q "SELECT Name, Email, Title, Account.Name FROM Contact WHERE Title LIKE '%CEO%' OR Title LIKE '%VP%' OR Title LIKE '%Director%'"

# 某笔交易相关的联系人
sf data query -q "SELECT Contact.Name, Contact.Email, Contact.Title, Role FROM OpportunityContactRole WHERE Opportunity.Name LIKE '%Acme%'"

销售管道评审准备

快速生成高管摘要：

# 本季度即将关闭的 Top 10 交易
sf data query -q "SELECT Name, Account.Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate, Owner.Name FROM Opportunity WHERE CloseDate = THIS_QUARTER AND IsClosed = false ORDER BY Amount DESC LIMIT 10"

# 按销售代表划分的交易（用于 1:1 会议）
sf data query -q "SELECT Owner.Name, COUNT(Id) deals, SUM(Amount) total FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false GROUP BY Owner.Name ORDER BY SUM(Amount) DESC"

# 需重点关注的交易（滞留）
sf data query -q "SELECT Name, Amount, StageName, LastActivityDate, Owner.Name FROM Opportunity WHERE IsClosed = false AND LastActivityDate < LAST_N_DAYS:14 ORDER BY Amount DESC LIMIT 10"

客户情报（Account Intelligence）

会前/通话前快速了解客户：

# 客户概览
sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name, Industry, BillingCity, Website, OwnerId FROM Account WHERE Name LIKE '%Acme%'"

# 该客户的全部未关闭交易
sf data query -q "SELECT Name, Amount, StageName, CloseDate FROM Opportunity WHERE Account.Name LIKE '%Acme%' AND IsClosed = false"

# 最近活动记录
sf data query -q "SELECT Subject, Status, ActivityDate FROM Task WHERE Account.Name LIKE '%Acme%' ORDER BY ActivityDate DESC LIMIT 5"

跨工具工作流

Salesforce + 邮件（通过 gog/gmail）：

1. 查找联系人邮箱：sf data query -q "SELECT Email FROM Contact WHERE Account.Name LIKE '%Acme%'"
2. 在您的邮件工具中使用该地址起草邮件

Salesforce + 日历（Calendar）：

1. 查找即将关闭的交易：sf data query -q "SELECT Name, Account.Name, CloseDate FROM Opportunity WHERE CloseDate = THIS_WEEK"
2. 对照日历确认后续跟进已安排妥当

通话后快速更新 CRM：

# 记录一项任务
sf data create record -s Task -v "Subject='Call with John' WhatId='' Status='Completed' ActivityDate=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"

# 更新交易阶段
sf data update record -s Opportunity -i  -v "StageName='Negotiation' NextStep='Send proposal'"

查找您的用户 ID

用于“我负责的交易”类查询：

sf data query -q "SELECT Id, Name FROM User WHERE Email = 'your.email@company.com'"

建议将该 ID 存入本地配置，便于后续快速引用。

参考资料

• soql-patterns.md —— 高级 SOQL 模式（多态查询、半连接、公式字段等）
• pipeline-queries.md —— 即用型销售管道与预测查询模板