文件读取 - C++，使用getline一直读取不到文件中的内容

Question

想试着写一个做矩阵运算的代码，然后发现一直都无法使用getline()从文件中读取矩阵。但是我在别的代码中却可以使用getline()，下面是代码。

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <ctime>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
typedef vector<vector<int>> douvec;

//产生一个含有矩阵的文件，这里能够正常的产生矩阵文件
void create_file (fstream &file) {
    int rank;
    //提示输入产生的矩阵的维度
    cout << "input the rank: ";
    cin >> rank;

    //随机生成矩阵的数值
    srand(time(0));
    for (int r = 0; r < rank; r++){
        for (int c = 0; c < rank; c++)
            file << rand()%2 << " ";
        file << '\n';   
    }

}

//讲文件中的矩阵读入一个二维vector中
auto create_matrix (fstream &file) -> vector<vector<int>> {
    char num;
    string line;
    douvec matrix;

    //这里的getline一直都读取不了文件中的任何的数据
    while (getline(file, line)){
        stringstream record(line);
        vector<int> temp;
        if (line == "")
            break;
        while (record >> num){
            int number = (int)num;
            temp.push_back(number);
        }
        matrix.push_back(temp);
    }
    return matrix;
}

int main(){
    fstream file("file.txt", ofstream::app);
    douvec matrix;
    create_file(file);

    //这里输出的matrix.size()一直都是0
    cout << "matrix size is " << matrix.size() << endl;
    matrix = create_matrix(file);
    for (int row = 0; row < matrix.size(); ++row){
        for (int col = 0; col < matrix[row].size(); ++col)
            cout << matrix[row][col] << "  ";
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;

}

Answer 1

The reason why you cannot read the file content using getline is because of improper use
two problems

1. If you want to read and write an fstream at the same time, you should add the corresponding mode
   fstream file("file.txt", ofstream::in | ofstream::app);

2. c++ fstream is actually just a repackage of C FILE I/O.
   See c++11 N3337 27.9.1.1

   The restrictions on reading and writing a sequence controlled by an object of class basic_filebuf<charT, traits> are the same as for reading and writing with the Standard C library FILEs.
   In particular:
   — If the file is not open for reading the input sequence cannot be read.
   — If the file is not open for writing the output sequence cannot be written.
   — A joint file position is maintained for both the input sequence and the output sequence.

   Watch c11 WG14 N1570 7.21.5.3

   When a file is opened with update mode ('+' as the second or third
   character in the above list of mode argument values), both input and
   output may be performed on the associated stream. However, output
   shall not be directly followed by input without an intervening call to
   the fflush function or to a file positioning function (fseek, fsetpos,
   or rewind), and input shall not be directly followed by output without
   an intervening call to a file positioning function, unless the input
   operation encounters endof-file. Opening (or creating) a text file
   with update mode may instead open (or create) a binary stream in some
   implementations.

   So just add matrix = create_matrix(file);
   or other repositioning in front of file.seekg(0, std::ios_base::beg);.