mysql - 如何修改my.conf支持utf8

Question

Mysql插入中文数据乱码，网上说修改my.cof，可我的电脑里没有这个文件（/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 都没有）
我先停用mysql,再新建my.cof文件输入类似：

character_set_server=utf8  
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'  

或者stackoverflow上其它的都试了，再启动mysql还是显示：

mysql> show variables like '%character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

直接创建文件是不是不行？请问有默认模板吗？另外我是apt-get安装的mysql
崩溃中。。。请大神指点，感激不尽
环境：
ubuntu14.04
mysql5.5.41

Answer 1

In 14.04, using sudo apt-get install mysql-server, the file /etc/mysql/my.cnf exists.
/usr/bin/mysql --help|grep -B 1 /etc/mysql/my.cnf
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The later ones have higher priority. It is recommended to keep only one configuration file /etc/mysql/my.cnf.
Content:

#
# The MySQL database server configuration file.
#
# You can copy this to one of:
# - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options,
# - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
# 
# One can use all long options that the program supports.
# Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with
# --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use.
#
# For explanations see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html

# This will be passed to all mysql clients
# It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes
# escpecially if they contain "#" chars...
# Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location.
[client]
port        = 3306
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

# Here is entries for some specific programs
# The following values assume you have at least 32M ram

# This was formally known as [safe_mysqld]. Both versions are currently parsed.
[mysqld_safe]
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice        = 0

[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user        = mysql
pid-file    = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket      = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port        = 3306
basedir     = /usr
datadir     = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir      = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
#
# Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on
# localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure.
bind-address        = 127.0.0.1
#
# * Fine Tuning
#
key_buffer      = 16M
max_allowed_packet  = 16M
thread_stack        = 192K
thread_cache_size       = 8
# This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed
# the first time they are touched
myisam-recover         = BACKUP
#max_connections        = 100
#table_cache            = 64
#thread_concurrency     = 10
#
# * Query Cache Configuration
#
query_cache_limit   = 1M
query_cache_size        = 16M
#
# * Logging and Replication
#
# Both location gets rotated by the cronjob.
# Be aware that this log type is a performance killer.
# As of 5.1 you can enable the log at runtime!
#general_log_file        = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
#general_log             = 1
#
# Error log - should be very few entries.
#
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#
# Here you can see queries with especially long duration
#log_slow_queries   = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log
#long_query_time = 2
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
#
# The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication.
# note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about
#       other settings you may need to change.
#server-id      = 1
#log_bin            = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days    = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
#binlog_do_db       = include_database_name
#binlog_ignore_db   = include_database_name
#
# * InnoDB
#
# InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/.
# Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many!
#
# * Security Features
#
# Read the manual, too, if you want chroot!
# chroot = /var/lib/mysql/
#
# For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca".
#
# ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem
# ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem
# ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem



[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet  = 16M

[mysql]
#no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition

[isamchk]
key_buffer      = 16M

#
# * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file!
#   The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored.
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

apt-get download mysql-common download this package, there is this file in it.
Add under [mysqld] in the configuration:
character_set_server=utf8
In addition, please note that the encoding is also specified when creating databases and tables:

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS mybase DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE mybase;
CREATE TABLE `posts` (
    `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `post_title` varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `post_content` text,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=0 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

Also specify the encoding when connecting to the database, such as PHP:

<?php
$dsn = "mysql:dbname=$app[db_name];host=$app[db_host];port=$app[db_port];charset=utf8";
$dbh = new PDO($dsn, $app['db_username'], $app['db_password'], array(
    PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => $app['db_pconnect'],
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
    PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES utf8'
));

Page output also specifies UTF-8 encoding:

<?php
header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
?>
<meta charset="utf-8">

The editor and IDE also use UTF-8 encoding, which will prevent garbled characters after unification.

Answer 2

Is this setting correct?

character_set_server=utf8

Answer 3

Look for /usr/share/mysql/my.cnf. If not, use the find command to find it:

sudo find / -name my.cnf

Or check the process information to see which configuration file is loaded

cat /proc/$(pidof mysqld)/cmdline | tr 'rrreee' '\n'

mysql can be started according to a configuration file by adding --defaults-file='path/to/my.cnf' to the startup command