What requests will be generated by the browser's "F5" and "Ctrl + F5" refresh?

Question

Is there a standard for actions

F5 and Ctrl F5 are triggered in web browsers?

I have done experiments in IE6 and Firefox 2.x. F5 Refresh will trigger an HTTP request to the server that contains the If-Modified-Since header, while Ctrl F5 does not There will be a title like this. From my understanding, F5 will try to leverage as much of the cached content as possible, while Ctrl F5 aims to discard all cached content and just retrieve all from the server again content.

But today, I noticed that in some of the latest browsers (Chrome, IE8) it no longer works this way. F5 and Ctrl F5 both send the If-Modified-Since header.

So how is this supposed to work, or (if there's no standard) how do the major browsers differ in how they implement these refresh functions?

Answer 1

It depends on the browser, but they behave in similar ways.

F5 Usually a page is updated only when it has been modified. Modern browsers send Cache-Control: max-age=0 to tell the maximum time (relative to the time of the request) that any cached resource will be considered fresh.

CTRL-F5 is used to force an update, ignoring any cache. Modern browsers send Cache-Control: no-cache and Pragma: No-cache

If I remember correctly, Netscape was the first browser to add cache control support by adding Pragma: No-cache when pressing CTRL -< kbd>F5.

┌───────────┬──────────────┬─────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────────────────┐
│ Version 4 │      F5      │  R  │      CLICK      │ Legend:                      │
│2021 MAY 19├──┬──┬──┬──┬──┼──┬──┼──┬──┬──┬──┬──┬──┤ C = Cache-Control: no-cache  │
│           │  │S │C │A │A │C │C │  │S │C │A │A │C │ I = If-Modified-Since        │
│           │  │H │T │L │L │T │T │  │H │T │L │L │T │ M = Cache-Control: max-age=0 │
│           │  │I │R │T │T │R │R │  │I │R │T │T │R │ N = Not tested               │
│           │  │F │L │  │G │L │L │  │F │L │  │G │L │ P = Pragma: No-cache         │
│           │  │T │  │  │R │  │+ │  │T │  │  │R │+ │ - = ignored                  │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │S │  │  │  │  │  │S │                              │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │H │  │  │  │  │  │H │ With 'CLICK' I refer to a    │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │I │  │  │  │  │  │I │ mouse click on the browsers  │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │F │  │  │  │  │  │F │ refresh-icon.                │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │T │  │  │  │  │  │T │                              │
│           │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │  │ 1: Version 3.0.6 sends I     │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤    and C, but 3.1.6 opens    │
│Brave 1.24 │M │CP│CP│- │- │M │CP│M │CP│CP│M │CP│CP│    the page in a new tab,    │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤    making a normal request   │
│Chrome 1   │MI│MI│MI│- │- │MI│- │MI│MI│MI│MI│MI│N │    with only I.              │
│Chrome 6   │MI│CP│CP│- │- │MI│CP│MI│CP│CP│MI│- │N │ 2: Version 10.62 does        │
│Chrome 90  │M │CP│CP│- │- │M │CP│M │CP│CP│M │CP│CP│    nothing. 9.61 might do C  │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤    unless it was a typo in   │
│Edge 90    │M │CP│CP│- │- │M │CP│M │CP│CP│M │CP│CP│    my old table.             │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤ 3: Opens the currernt tab in │
│Firefox 3.x│MI│- │CP│- │- │MI│CP│MI│CP│1 │M │MI│N │    a new tab, but does not   │
│Firefox 89 │M │- │CP│- │M │M │CP│M │CP│3 │M │M │3 │    refresh the page if it is │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤    cached in the browser.    │
│MSIE 8, 7  │I │- │C │- │I │I │  │I │I │C │I │I │N │                              │
├───────────┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┼──┤                              │
│Opera 10, 9│C │- │- │2 │- │C │- │C │C │C │C │- │N │                              │
│Opera 76   │M │CP│CP│- │- │M │- │M │CP│CP│M │CP│CP│                              │
├───────────┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──┴──────────────────────────────┤
│                    https://stackoverflow.com/a/385491/36866                     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Note on Chrome 6.0.472: If you do a force reload (e.g. CTRL-F5), it will behave as if the URL is in Internally marked as always force reload. If you go to the address bar and press Enter, the flag will be cleared.

Answer 2

Generally speaking:

F5 may serve you the same page even if the content changes because it may load the page from cache. But Ctrl F5 will force a cache refresh and guarantee that if the content changes, you'll get the new content.