The correct way to achieve the button press effect in CSS

Question

I'm using CSS to create a piano layout. I really like this "button pressed" effect, but it changes surrounding elements. How to avoid this situation?

<main>
    <div id="o-2" class="octave">
        <button id="C2" class="C key"></button>
        <button id="C2-sharp" class="C-sharp key-black"></button>
        <button id="D2" class="D key"></button>
        <button id="D2-sharp" class="D-sharp key-black"></button>
        <button id="E2" class="E key"></button>
    </div>
</main>

main {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.octave {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 25% 25% 25% 25%;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(14, auto);
}

button {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1px;
    box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px black;
    cursor: pointer;
}

button:active {
    margin-left: 4px;
    margin-top: 4px;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px black;
}

The positioning of buttons is achieved using grids. Thanks!

Answer 1

You can change the button element type. Let me share it below.

main {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.octave {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-rows: 25% 25% 25% 25%;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(14, auto);
}

a {
    border: 1px solid black;
    margin: 1px;
    box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px black;
    cursor: pointer;
    width:14px;
    height:30px;
}

a:active {
    margin-left: 4px;
    margin-top: 4px;
    box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px black;
}

<main>
    <div id="o-2" class="octave">
        <a id="C2" class="C key"></a>
        <a id="C2-sharp" class="C-sharp key-black"></a>
        <a id="D2" class="D key"></a>
        <a id="D2-sharp" class="D-sharp key-black"></a>
        <a id="E2" class="E key"></a>
    </div>
</main>

Answer 2

You can use the transform attribute instead of adjusting the margin in the :active pseudo-class. The transform property allows you to scale the button slightly and move it downwards when pressed, without affecting the layout of surrounding elements.

...
button {
  border: 1px solid black;
  margin: 1px;
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px black;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.2s ease; /* Add a smooth transition */
}

button:active {
  transform: scale(0.95) translateY(3px); /* Scale down and move down */
  box-shadow: 1px 1px 5px black;
}