Data storage and access - file storage reading and writing

Introduction to this section:

Hey, seeing this title, I believe some readers will ask, have you finished writing the previous Fragment? Well, I haven’t finished writing it because I want examples and need In order to improve efficiency, I decided to write tutorials concurrently like multi-threading. This may speed up the progress of writing tutorials. So far, I have written exactly 60 articles, and I am still far away from completing the introductory tutorial. As I said before, I want to complete it within one and a half to two months. This set of tutorials is out today on 9.1, so keep up the good work~ Okay, so much nonsense, this section will introduce you to Android data storage and One of the access methods - file storage and reading and writing. Of course, in addition to this method, we can save to SharedPreference, database, Or Application, of course these will be discussed later, well, let’s start this section~

1. Android file operation mode

Students who have studied Java As we all know, we create a new file and then we can write data, but Android is different, because Android is Based on Linux, when we read and write files, we also need to add the file's operation mode. The operation mode in Android is as follows:

2 .Related file operation methods

3. Implementation of file reading and writing

File reading and writing in Android and file I/in Java O is the same, and the process is very simple. Let’s write a simple example:

Implementation rendering:

PS:The simulator is used here, because the author’s N5 does not have root and cannot see the file storage directory. Let’s open DDMS below. File Explorer can see that there are files we wrote in data/data/<package name>/file:

##We can click on the response in the upper right corner Icon to import the file into the computer and open it to verify the written content:

Code implementation:

First It is the layout file:

main_activity.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/LinearLayout1"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.jay.example.filedemo1.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/nametitle" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editname"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/detailtitle" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editdetail"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:minLines="2" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnsave"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/btnwrite" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnclean"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/btnclean" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnread"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/btnread" />

</LinearLayout>

Then we write a file assistance class:

FileHelper.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/9/1 0001.
 */
public class FileHelper {

    private Context mContext;

    public FileHelper() {
    }

    public FileHelper(Context mContext) {
        super();
        this.mContext = mContext;
    }

    /*
    * 这里定义的是一个文件保存的方法，写入到文件中，所以是输出流
    * */
    public void save(String filename, String filecontent) throws Exception {
        //这里我们使用私有模式,创建出来的文件只能被本应用访问,还会覆盖原文件哦
        FileOutputStream output = mContext.openFileOutput(filename, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        output.write(filecontent.getBytes());  //将String字符串以字节流的形式写入到输出流中
        output.close();         //关闭输出流
    }


    /*
    * 这里定义的是文件读取的方法
    * */
    public String read(String filename) throws IOException {
        //打开文件输入流
        FileInputStream input = mContext.openFileInput(filename);
        byte[] temp = new byte[1024];
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
        int len = 0;
        //读取文件内容:
        while ((len = input.read(temp)) > 0) {
            sb.append(new String(temp, 0, len));
        }
        //关闭输入流
        input.close();
        return sb.toString();
    }

}

Finally

MainActivity.java, we complete the relevant operations here:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private EditText editname;
    private EditText editdetail;
    private Button btnsave;
    private Button btnclean;
    private Button btnread;
    private Context mContext;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mContext = getApplicationContext();
        bindViews();
    }


    private void bindViews() {
        editdetail = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editdetail);
        editname = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editname);
        btnclean = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnclean);
        btnsave = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsave);
        btnread = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnread);

        btnclean.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnsave.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnread.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btnclean:
                editdetail.setText("");
                editname.setText("");
                break;
            case R.id.btnsave:
                FileHelper fHelper = new FileHelper(mContext);
                String filename = editname.getText().toString();
                String filedetail = editdetail.getText().toString();
                try {
                    fHelper.save(filename, filedetail);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.btnread:
                String detail = "";
                FileHelper fHelper2 = new FileHelper(getApplicationContext());
                try {
                    String fname = editname.getText().toString();
                    detail = fHelper2.read(fname);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), detail, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
    }
}

4. Read the file on the SD card

Reading flow chart:

Code example：

Running renderings：

## Also open the File Explorer of DDMS. On the old version of the system, we can find it directly on mmt\sdcard, but the new version We may have to look for it ourselves. First we go to this path:

Click on the sdcard, but there is nothing, so we continue to look for the /storage at the end. Search under /emulated/legacy:

Okay, he jumped to another place again, let’s continue looking for /storage/shell/emilated/0

Sure enough, we found the test.txt we generated in the SD card! Export to the computer and take a look at the content inside:

Hehe, as expected, the SD card was read and written successfully~ Next, let’s take a look at how the code is written:

Code implementation:

main_activity.xml:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/LinearLayout1"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.jay.example.filedemo2.MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="清输入文件名" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/edittitle"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="文件名" />


    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="清输入文件内容" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editdetail"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="文件内容" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnsave"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="保存到SD卡" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnclean"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="清空" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnread"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="读取sd卡中的文件" />

</LinearLayout>

Then let’s write an SD operation class:

SDFileHelper.java

/**
 * Created by Jay on 2015/9/1 0001.
 */
public class SDFileHelper {

    private Context context;

    public SDFileHelper() {
    }

    public SDFileHelper(Context context) {
        super();
        this.context = context;
    }

    //往SD卡写入文件的方法
    public void savaFileToSD(String filename, String filecontent) throws Exception {
        //如果手机已插入sd卡,且app具有读写sd卡的权限
        if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            filename = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalPath() + "/" + filename;
            //这里就不要用openFileOutput了,那个是往手机内存中写数据的
            FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename);
            output.write(filecontent.getBytes());
            //将String字符串以字节流的形式写入到输出流中
            output.close();
            //关闭输出流
        } else Toast.makeText(context, "SD卡不存在或者不可读写", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    //读取SD卡中文件的方法
    //定义读取文件的方法:
    public String readFromSD(String filename) throws IOException {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("");
        if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            filename = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getCanonicalPath() + "/" + filename;
            //打开文件输入流
            FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename);
            byte[] temp = new byte[1024];

            int len = 0;
            //读取文件内容:
            while ((len = input.read(temp)) > 0) {
                sb.append(new String(temp, 0, len));
            }
            //关闭输入流
            input.close();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }


}

Then

MainActivity.java implement the relevant logic:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    private EditText editname;
    private EditText editdetail;
    private Button btnsave;
    private Button btnclean;
    private Button btnread;
    private Context mContext;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mContext = getApplicationContext();
        bindViews();
    }

    private void bindViews() {
        editname = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittitle);
        editdetail = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editdetail);
        btnsave = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnsave);
        btnclean = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnclean);
        btnread = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnread);

        btnsave.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnclean.setOnClickListener(this);
        btnread.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btnclean:
                editdetail.setText("");
                editname.setText("");
                break;
            case R.id.btnsave:
                String filename = editname.getText().toString();
                String filedetail = editdetail.getText().toString();
                SDFileHelper sdHelper = new SDFileHelper(mContext);
                try
                {
                    sdHelper.savaFileToSD(filename, filedetail);
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                catch(Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "数据写入失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.btnread:
                String detail = "";
                SDFileHelper sdHelper2 = new SDFileHelper(mContext);
                try
                {
                    String filename2 = editname.getText().toString();
                    detail = sdHelper2.readFromSD(filename2);
                }
                catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), detail, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
    }
}

Finally, don’t forget to write the permission to read and write the SD card in

AndroidManifest.xml oh!

<!-- 在SDCard中创建与删除文件权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
<!-- 往SDCard写入数据权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

5. Regarding the problem of the SD card of the native simulator

If it is a real machine debugging, it is usually possible, but for native virtual machines, there are many problems. , we used it earlier Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED) possible What always returns false is that the SD card does not exist. This is the main problem. Now the new version of the SDK will be in When creating an AVD, a storage area for an SD card will be requested at the same time.
For older versions of SDK or other reasons, you may need to manually associate the SD card. The settings are as follows:
① Find the path to the created avd image:
Click to open the avd interface, click detail, and view the directory of the avd image
##② Come to the location of the avd image Under the path, copy the path of sdcard.img:
For example, mine:-sdcard C:\Users\Administrator.android\avd\Jay4.2.avd\sdcard .img
③Then click to come to the following interface:
Finally apply the following, and then Run!

6. Read the files in the raw and assets folders

I believe everyone is familiar with the two folders. If we don’t want our files to be compiled into binary files, We can put the files in these two directories, and the difference between the two is as follows:
res/raw: The file will be mapped to the R.java file, access can be accessed directly through the resource ID, and It cannot have a directory structure, that is, it cannot create the folder
assets: it will not be mapped to the R.java file, and it can have a directory structure when accessed through AssetManager, that is, You can create your own folder

Read file resources:

res/raw：

InputStream is =getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.filename);

assets:

AssetManager am =  getAssets();  
InputStream is = am.open("filename");

Code download:

FileDemo.zip: Download FileDemo.zip
FileDemo2.zip：Download FileDemo2.zip

##Summary of this section:

Okay, this is the first section about Android data storage and access - file reading and writing. If you are studying this article If you encounter any problems or feel that there are some mistakes, you are welcome to raise them. I am extremely grateful. Thank you~

Data storage and access - SharedPreferences saves user preference parameters →