Bagaimanakah SpringBoot mengembalikan format data Json

1. @RestController anotasi

Gunakan anotasi @RestController dalam Controller dalam Spring Boot untuk mengembalikan data dalam format JSON. Anotasi

• @RestController mengandungi anotasi @Controller dan @ResponseBody.

• @ResponseBody anotasi adalah untuk menukar struktur data yang dikembalikan kepada format JSON.

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Controller
@ResponseBody
public @interface RestController {
    String value() default "";
}

2 Jackson

Rangka kerja teknologi penghuraian JSON lalai yang digunakan dalam Spring Boot ialah Jackson.

Klik pada spring-boot-starter-web dependency dalam pom.xml dan anda boleh melihat spring-boot-starter-json dependency:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Klik sekali lagi pada spring- yang disebutkan di atas kebergantungan boot-starter-json, anda boleh melihat kod berikut:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.6</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>

Setakat ini, anda boleh mengetahui bahawa rangka kerja penghuraian JSON lalai yang digunakan dalam Spring Boot ialah Jackson.

1. Tukar Objek, Senarai, Peta kepada format Json

Buat kelas entiti:

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    /* 省略get、set和带参构造方法 */
}

Lapisan Pengawal

import com.itcodai.course02.entity.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class JsonController {

    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public User getUser() {
        return new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        //返回 {"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"}
    }

    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public List<User> getUserList() {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        User user1 = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        User user2 = new User(2, "达人课", "123456");
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        return userList;
        //返回 [{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"},{"id":2,"username":"达人课","password":"123456"}]

    }

    @RequestMapping("/map")
    public Map<String, Object> getMap() {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        map.put("作者信息", user);
        map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
        map.put("CSDN地址", "http://blog.csdn.net/eson_15");
        map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
        return map;
        //返回 {"作者信息":{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":"123456"},"CSDN地址":"http://blog.csdn.net/eson_15","粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"}

    }
}

2. Kelas konfigurasi Jackson

Tukar semua null kepada konfigurasi "" apabila menukar kepada format JSON

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder;

import java.io.IOException;

@Configuration
public class JacksonConfig {
    @Bean
    @Primary
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(ObjectMapper.class)
    public ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
        objectMapper.getSerializerProvider().setNullValueSerializer(new JsonSerializer<Object>() {
            @Override
            public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
                jsonGenerator.writeString("");
            }
        });
        return objectMapper;
    }
}

// 修改一下上面返回 Map 的接口，将几个值改成 null 测试一下：

@RequestMapping("/map")
public Map<String, Object> getMap() {
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
    User user = new User(1, "倪升武", null);
    map.put("作者信息", user);
    map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
    map.put("CSDN地址", null);
    map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
    return map;
	// 返回 {"作者信息":{"id":1,"username":"倪升武","password":""},"CSDN地址":"","粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"}
	// 可以看到 Jackson 已经将所有 null 字段转成空字符串了。
}

3 Alibaba.

Apakah perbezaan antara Jackson dan fastjson?

Dari perspektif pengembangan, fastjson tidak sefleksibel seperti Jackson Dari sudut kelajuan atau kesukaran untuk bermula, fastjson boleh dipertimbangkan, dan ia juga lebih mudah.

Kebergantungan Fastjson

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.35</version>
</dependency>

Kelas konfigurasi Fastjson

Apabila menggunakan fastjson, pengendalian null agak berbeza daripada Jackson, dan anda perlukan untuk mewarisi kelas WebMvcConfigurationSupport dan kemudian mengatasi kaedah configureMessageConverters.

Dalam kaedah, kita boleh memilih senario untuk melaksanakan penukaran nol Kod adalah seperti berikut:

import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Configuration
public class fastJsonConfig extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    @Override
    public void configureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
        FastJsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
        FastJsonConfig config = new FastJsonConfig();
        config.setDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        config.setSerializerFeatures(
                // 保留 Map 空的字段
                SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue,
                // 将 String 类型的 null 转成""
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullStringAsEmpty,
                // 将 Number 类型的 null 转成 0
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullNumberAsZero,
                // 将 List 类型的 null 转成 []
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullListAsEmpty,
                // 将 Boolean 类型的 null 转成 false
                SerializerFeature.WriteNullBooleanAsFalse,
                // 生成的JSON格式化
                SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat,
                // 避免循环引用
                SerializerFeature.DisableCircularReferenceDetect);

        converter.setFastJsonConfig(config);
        converter.setDefaultCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
        List<MediaType> mediaTypeList = new ArrayList<>();
        // 解决中文乱码问题，相当于在 Controller 上的 @RequestMapping 中加了个属性 produces = "application/json"
        mediaTypeList.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        converter.setSupportedMediaTypes(mediaTypeList);
        converters.add(converter);
    }
}

4 Merangkumkan format data yang dikembalikan

Selain merangkum data, Kami selalunya perlu menambah beberapa maklumat lain pada JSON yang dikembalikan, seperti memulangkan kod status Kod dan Msg kepada pemanggil boleh membuat beberapa pertimbangan logik berdasarkan Kod atau Msg.

Atribut dalam struktur JSON bersatu termasuk data, kod status dan maklumat segera.

public class JsonResult<T> {

    private T data;
    private String code;
    private String msg;

    /**
     * 若没有数据返回，默认状态码为 0，提示信息为“操作成功！”
     */
    public JsonResult() {
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = "操作成功！";
    }

    /**
     * 若没有数据返回，可以人为指定状态码和提示信息
     * @param code
     * @param msg
     */
    public JsonResult(String code, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    /**
     * 有数据返回时，状态码为 0，默认提示信息为“操作成功！”
     * @param data
     */
    public JsonResult(T data) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = "操作成功！";
    }

    /**
     * 有数据返回，状态码为 0，人为指定提示信息
     * @param data
     * @param msg
     */
    public JsonResult(T data, String msg) {
        this.data = data;
        this.code = "0";
        this.msg = msg;
    }
    // 省略 get 和 set 方法
}

Ubah suai jenis nilai pulangan dalam Pengawal dan uji

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/jsonresult")
public class JsonResultController {

    @RequestMapping("/user")
    public JsonResult<User> getUser() {
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        return new JsonResult<>(user);
        // {"code":"0","data":{"id":1,"password":"123456","username":"倪升武"},"msg":"操作成功！"}

    }

    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public JsonResult<List> getUserList() {
        List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        User user1 = new User(1, "倪升武", "123456");
        User user2 = new User(2, "达人课", "123456");
        userList.add(user1);
        userList.add(user2);
        return new JsonResult<>(userList, "获取用户列表成功");
        // {"code":"0","data":[{"id":1,"password":"123456","username":"倪升武"},{"id":2,"password":"123456","username":"达人课"}],"msg":"获取用户列表成功"}

    }

    @RequestMapping("/map")
    public JsonResult<Map> getMap() {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>(3);
        User user = new User(1, "倪升武", null);
        map.put("作者信息", user);
        map.put("博客地址", "http://blog.itcodai.com");
        map.put("CSDN地址", null);
        map.put("粉丝数量", 4153);
        return new JsonResult<>(map);
        // {"code":"0","data":{"作者信息":{"id":1,"password":"","username":"倪升武"},"CSDN地址":null,"粉丝数量":4153,"博客地址":"http://blog.itcodai.com"},"msg":"操作成功！"}

    }
}

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