Bagaimana untuk mencipta permainan perkataan mudah menggunakan Python dan Pygame

1. Persediaan persekitaran

1) Persekitaran operasi

Pemasangan persekitaran: python 3.8: penterjemah, pycharm: editor kod, pygame, numpy, dan beberapa modul terbina dalam terus memasang Python Ia sedia untuk digunakan.

2) Pemasangan modul

Kaedah pemasangan perpustakaan pihak ketiga adalah seperti berikut:

Pemasangan umum: pemasangan pip + nama modul Pemasangan sumber cermin: pemasangan pip -i

pypi.douban.com/simple/+nama modul (terdapat banyak sumber cermin domestik, inilah yang digunakan Douban)

3) Gambar, bahan teks, dll.

2. Paparan kod

Program utama——

import pygame
import sys
import traceback
import os
from pygame.locals import *
from random import *
import numpy as np
import linecache

pygame.init()  # 游戏初始化
pygame.mixer.init()  # 音效初始化

bg_size = width, height = 480, 700  # 屏幕大小
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)
pygame.display.set_caption("英语单词挑战")  # 标题

# 背景图片
background = pygame.image.load("source/背景.png")  # .convert()
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)

# 游戏音乐
pygame.mixer.music.load("source/背景音乐.mp3")
pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.2)
success_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("source/正确.wav")
success_sound.set_volume(0.2)
lost_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("source/失败.wav")
lost_sound.set_volume(0.2)
win_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("source/胜利.wav")
win_sound.set_volume(0.2)

class Word(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, bg_size, showword):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)

        self.word = showword  # 获取单词
        self.length = len(self.word)  # 单词长度
        self.wordfont = pygame.font.SysFont("arial", 36)  # 使用系统字体
        self.wordtext = self.wordfont.render(self.word, True, WHITE, BLACK)  # 单词
        self.promptword = "*"*self.length
        self.showtext = self.wordfont.render(self.promptword, True, WHITE, BLACK)  # 隐藏单词
        self.succtext = self.wordfont.render("", True, WHITE)
        self.rect = self.wordtext.get_rect()  # 单词坐标
        self.width, self.height = bg_size[0], bg_size[1]
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = (self.width - self.rect.width) // 2, 20  # 定义坐标
        self.speed = 1  # 下移速度
        # self.destroy_images = []
        # self.destroy_images.extend([pygame.image.load("爆炸小.png").convert_alpha()])
        self.active = True  # 活动标志
        self.success = False  # 正确标志

    # 判断输入字母是否正确，并显示
    def show(self, a):
        for i in range(self.length):
            if self.promptword[i] == "*":
                if self.word[i] == a:
                    self.promptword =self.promptword[:i] + a + self.promptword[i+1:]
                    self.showtext = self.wordfont.render(self.promptword, True, WHITE, BLACK)  # 隐藏单词
                if self.promptword == self.word:
                    self.success = True
                break
            else:
                continue

    # 单词移动
    def move(self):
        if self.rect.top < self.height - 50:
            self.rect.top += self.speed
        else:
            self.reset()

    # 单词重置
    def reset(self):
        self.active = True
        self.success = False
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = (self.width - self.rect.width) // 2, 20

    # 中文提示
    def describe(self, prop):
        myprop = prop
        self.propfont = pygame.font.Font("source/楷体_GB2312.ttf", 20)  # 使用楷体字体
        # print(myprop)
        self.describetext = self.propfont.render(myprop, True, BLACK)  # 中文提示
        self.proprect = self.describetext.get_rect()  # 提示坐标
        self.proprect.left, self.proprect.top = (self.width - self.proprect.width) // 2, (self.height - 30 - self.proprect.height / 2)
        screen.blit(self.describetext, self.proprect)

# 获取单词，读取字典文件
def Getletters(filename):
    words = []  # 保存单词
    prompts = []  # 保存中文提示
    worddict = {}  # 单词字典
    f = open(filename, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;)  # 打开文本，定义格式，能够读取中文
    for line in f.readlines():  # 读取行
        line = line.strip()  # 去掉/n
        word = line.split(":")[0]  # 截取单词
        prompt = line.split(":")[1]  # .split(";")[0]  # 截取中文提示
        words.append(word)
        prompts.append(prompt)
        worddict.update({word : prompt})  # 字典添加元素
    f.close()
    return worddict

# 保存字典文件
def SaveDict(dict1, filename):
    # 打开字典文件
    with open(filename, mode=&#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
        for k, v in dict1.items():
            str = f"{k}:{v}\n"
            f.write(str)
        f.close()


# 随机抽取字典的数据
def ChoseWord(dict1):
    n = len(dict1)
    random.choice(list(dict1.keys()))
    words = dict1.keys()
    prompts = dict1.values()
    i = randint(0, n)
    key = words[i]
    value = prompts[i]
    return key, value


# 主函数
def main():
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)  # 播放背景音乐
    running = True  # 判断运行状态
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()  # 时钟
    delay = 100
    olingefile = "source/words.txt"  # 原始单词文件
    myfile = "source/newword.txt"  # 使用单词文件
    historyfile = "source/record.txt"  # 最高记录文件
    olindict = Getletters(olingefile)  # 获取原始单词
    num = len(olindict)  # 总单词数量
    # getnum = 0
    # record_score = 0  # 最高得分记录
    # record_rate = 0.00  # 最高进度
    myfont_big = pygame.font.SysFont("arial", 36)  # 使用系统大字体
    myfont_small = pygame.font.SysFont("arial", 24)  # 使用系统小字体
    # 标志是否暂停游戏
    paused = False
    paused_image = pygame.image.load("source/暂停.png").convert_alpha()
    resume_image = pygame.image.load("source/播放.png").convert_alpha()
    paused_rect = paused_image.get_rect()
    paused_rect.left, paused_rect.top = width - paused_rect.width - 10, 10
    paused_show_image = paused_image
    # 主页
    mained = False  # 主页标志
    main_image = pygame.image.load("source/主页.png").convert_alpha()
    main_rect = main_image.get_rect()
    main_rect.left, main_rect.top = width - paused_rect.width - 70, 10
    # 成功页面
    success_image = pygame.image.load("source/成功.png").convert_alpha()
    # 底部页面
    bottom_image = pygame.image.load("source/底部.png").convert_alpha()
    # 统计得分
    # score = 0  # 当前得分
    # rate = 0.00  # 当前进度
    # 主页面
    goon_image = pygame.image.load("source/继续游戏.png").convert_alpha()
    goon_rect = goon_image.get_rect()
    restart_image = pygame.image.load("source/重新开始.png").convert_alpha()
    restart_rect = restart_image.get_rect()
    gameover_image = pygame.image.load("source/结束游戏.png").convert_alpha()
    gameover_rect = gameover_image.get_rect()
    flag = False  # 新单词标记
    promptflag = False  # 空格提示单词标记
    nextflag = False  # 回车下一个单词标记
    winflag = False  # 胜利标志
    keyvalue = ""  # 获取按键
    if os.path.exists(myfile) and os.path.exists(historyfile):  # 如果有记录
        mydict = Getletters(myfile)
        getnum = num - len(mydict)  # 完成数量
        mained = True
        with open(historyfile, mode=&#39;r&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
            record_score = int(linecache.getline(historyfile, 1))  # 读取最高记录
            record_rate = float(linecache.getline(historyfile, 2))  # 读取最高进度
            score = int(linecache.getline(historyfile, 3))  # 读取上一次记录
            f.close()
        # print(record_score, record_rate)
    else:
        mydict = Getletters(olingefile)
        getnum = 0
        score = 0
        rate = 0.00
        record_score = score
        record_rate = rate
        mained = False

    while running:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:  # 退出
                # 写入记录文件
                with open(historyfile, mode=&#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
                    f.write(str(record_score))
                    f.write("\n")
                    f.write(str(record_rate))
                    f.write("\n")
                    f.write(str(score))
                    f.close()
                # 保存剩余单词
                SaveDict(mydict, myfile)
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:  # 鼠标按下
                # 按下暂停键
                if event.button == 1 and paused_rect.collidepoint(event.pos):  # 检测鼠标是否在范围内
                    paused = not paused
                    if paused:
                        pygame.mixer.music.pause()  # 背景音乐暂停
                        pygame.mixer.pause()  # 音效暂停
                        paused_show_image = resume_image
                    else:
                        pygame.mixer.music.unpause()  # 背景音乐暂停
                        pygame.mixer.unpause()  # 音效暂停
                        paused_show_image = paused_image
                # 按下主页键
                if event.button == 1 and main_rect.collidepoint(event.pos):  # 检测鼠标是否在范围内
                    mained = True
                    if mained:
                        pygame.mixer.music.pause()  # 背景音乐暂停
                        pygame.mixer.pause()  # 音效暂停

            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:  # 按键
                if event.key == K_TAB:  # tab键
                    promptflag = True
                elif event.key == K_RETURN:  # 回车键
                    nextflag = True
                else:
                    keyvalue = chr(event.key)  # 获取ASCII码转字符串
        screen.blit(background, (0, 0))  # 载入背景图片
        screen.blit(bottom_image, (0, height - 60))  # 载入底部图片
        # 绘制得分
        score_text = myfont_big.render(f"score:{str(score)}", True, WHITE)
        screen.blit(score_text, (10, 5))
        # 暂停/播放
        screen.blit(paused_show_image, paused_rect)  # 暂停图片
        # 绘制主页
        screen.blit(main_image, main_rect)  # 主页图片
        # 绘制进度
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, ((10, 60), (200, 20)), 2)  # 画矩形，坐标（10,60），长宽（200,20），线宽2

        # 当进度大于80%显示绿色，否则显示红色
        rate = getnum / num
        if rate > 0.8:
            rate_color = GREEN
        else:
            rate_color = RED
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, rate_color, ((10, 60), (200 * rate, 20)), 0)  # 填充
        remaintext = myfont_small.render(f"{rate*100:.2f}%", True, WHITE)
        screen.blit(remaintext, (220, 55))
        if not paused and not mained:
            if not flag:
                # 生成单词
                showword = np.random.choice(list(mydict.keys()))  # 随机选择单词
                showprompt = mydict[showword]  # 单词中文提示
                # print(showword, showprompt)
                myword = Word(bg_size, showword)  # 生成单词
                flag = True  # 新单词
            else:
                myword.move()  # 单词向下移动
                myword.describe(showprompt)
                myword.show(keyvalue)  # 获取键盘按键
                if promptflag:
                    screen.blit(myword.wordtext, myword.rect)
                else:
                    screen.blit(myword.showtext, myword.rect)
                    # 成功
                    if myword.success:
                        screen.blit(myword.succtext, myword.rect)  # 清空
                        screen.blit(success_image, myword.rect)  # 成功图片
                        success_sound.play()
                        if not (delay % 10):  # 延时
                            myword.reset()
                            flag = False
                            score += 5
                            getnum += 1
                            del mydict[showword]
                            if getnum == num:
                                winflag = True
                                mained = True
                if nextflag:
                    myword.reset()
                    flag = False
                    nextflag = False
                if myword.rect.top > height - 118:
                    lost_sound.play()
                    flag = False
                    score -= 2
        # 暂停时
        elif paused and not mained:
            myword.active = False
            screen.blit(myword.showtext, myword.rect)
            myword.describe(showprompt)
        # 显示主页
        elif mained and not winflag:
            # myword.active = False
            screen.blit(background, (0, 0))  # 载入背景图片
            # 绘制结束界面
            # 更新最高分
            if score > record_score:
                record_score = score
            # 更新进度
            if rate > record_rate:
                record_rate = rate
            # 最高分
            record_score_text = myfont_big.render(f"Highest Score:{record_score}", True, WHITE)
            screen.blit(record_score_text, (50, 50))
            # 最高进度
            record_rate_text = myfont_big.render(f"Highest Rate:{record_rate*100:.2f}%", True, WHITE)
            screen.blit(record_rate_text, (50, 100))
            # 当前得分
            nowscore_text1 = myfont_big.render("Your Score:", True, WHITE)
            nowscore_text1_rect = nowscore_text1.get_rect()
            nowscore_text1_rect.left, nowscore_text1_rect.top = 50, 150
            screen.blit(nowscore_text1, nowscore_text1_rect)
            nowscore_text2 = myfont_big.render(str(score), True, RED)
            nowscore_text2_rect = nowscore_text2.get_rect()
            nowscore_text2_rect.left, nowscore_text2_rect.top = 50 + nowscore_text1_rect.width, nowscore_text1_rect.top
            screen.blit(nowscore_text2, nowscore_text2_rect)
            # 当前进度
            nowrate_text1 = myfont_big.render("Your Rate:", True, WHITE)
            nowrate_text1_rect = nowrate_text1.get_rect()
            nowrate_text1_rect.left, nowrate_text1_rect.top = 50, 200
            screen.blit(nowrate_text1, nowrate_text1_rect)
            nowrate_text2 = myfont_big.render(f"{rate*100:.2f}%", True, RED)
            nowrate_text2_rect = nowrate_text2.get_rect()
            nowrate_text2_rect.left, nowrate_text2_rect.top = 50 + nowrate_text1_rect.width, nowrate_text1_rect.top
            screen.blit(nowrate_text2, nowrate_text2_rect)

            # 继续游戏
            goon_rect.left, goon_rect.top = (width - goon_rect.width) // 2, 300
            screen.blit(goon_image, goon_rect)
            # 重新开始
            restart_rect.left, restart_rect.top = (width - restart_rect.width) // 2, goon_rect.bottom + 20
            screen.blit(restart_image, restart_rect)
            # 结束游戏
            gameover_rect.left, gameover_rect.top = (width - gameover_rect.width) // 2, restart_rect.bottom + 20
            screen.blit(gameover_image, gameover_rect)

            # 检测用户鼠标操作
            # 如果用户按下鼠标左键
            if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()[0]:
                # 获取鼠标位置
                pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                # 如果用户点击继续游戏
                if goon_rect.left < pos[0] < goon_rect.right and goon_rect.top < pos[1] < goon_rect.bottom:
                    # 跳出主页面
                    mained = False
                # 重新开始
                elif restart_rect.left < pos[0] < restart_rect.right and restart_rect.top < pos[1] < restart_rect.bottom:
                    # 判断最高记录是否更新，保存记录
                    if score > record_score:
                        record_score = score
                    # 写入记录文件
                    with open(historyfile, mode=&#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
                        f.write(str(record_score))
                        f.write("\n")
                        f.write(str(record_rate))
                        f.close()
                    # 保存剩余单词
                    SaveDict(mydict, myfile)
                    # 退出主页
                    mained = False
                    score = 0
                    mydict = Getletters(olingefile)  # 获取原始单词
                    getnum = 0

                # 如果用户点击结束游戏
                elif gameover_rect.left < pos[0] < gameover_rect.right and gameover_rect.top < pos[1] < gameover_rect.bottom:
                    # 写入记录文件
                    with open(historyfile, mode=&#39;w&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
                        f.write(str(record_score))
                        f.write("\n")
                        f.write(str(record_rate))
                        f.write("\n")
                        f.write(str(score))
                        f.close()
                    # 保存剩余单词
                    SaveDict(mydict, myfile)
                    # 退出游戏
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit()
        else:
            # screen.blit(background, (0, 0))  # 载入背景图片
            pygame.mixer.music.pause()  # 背景音乐暂停
            win_sound.play()
            win_text = myfont_big.render("Congratulations! You WIN!!!", True, WHITE)
            screen.blit(win_text, (50, 300))


        # 时间间隔
        delay -= 1
        if not delay:
            delay = 50
            promptflag = False
        pygame.display.flip()  # 页面刷新

        clock.tick(60)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        main()
    except SystemExit:
        pass
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()
        pygame.quit()
        input()

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