MySQL安装之编码设置的图文详解

一、MySQL的安装

　　从官网中下载Mac OS X 10.12 (x86, 64-bit), DMG Archive（mysql-5.7.19-macos10.12-x86_64.dmg）版，双击按提示安装，安装完成后可在控制面板下启动关闭MySQL服务器，

　　同时安装客户端：MySQL Workbench.app，

　　启动MySQL服务器，打开MySQL Workbench，输入初始密码，随即提示修改初始密码。

二、设置Terminal下登录路径：

　　在/Users/**/新建文件：.bash_profile

　　文件中输入：

export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin

 　　保存即可。在Terminal下，即可使用"mysql -u root -p"进行登录。

三、数据库编码问题

      在Terminal中登录MySQL客户端（mysql -u root -p）查看数据库编码，命令如下：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'char%';

　　发现

character_set_database | latin1
character_set_server | latin1

　　需要进行编码设置，但安装文件里无my.cnf文件，网上很多解决方法都没用，只能自建my.cnf文件。

　　关闭MySQL服务器，使用MacVim创建my.cnf,输入内容为：

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.  
  #  
  # This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays  
  # an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with  
  # other programs (such as a web server)  
  #  
  # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of  
  # locations which depend on the deployment platform.  
  # You can copy this option file to one of those  
  # locations. For information about these locations, see:  
  # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html    #  
  # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.  
  # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program  
  # with the "--help" option.  
  # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients  
  [client]  default-character-set=utf8
  #password   = your_password  
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock   
  # Here follows entries for some specific programs  
  # The MySQL server  
  [mysqld]
  character-set-server=utf8
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8
  port        = 3306  
  socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
  skip-external-locking  
  key_buffer_size = 16M  
  max_allowed_packet = 1M  
  table_open_cache = 64  
  sort_buffer_size = 512K  
  net_buffer_length = 8K  
  read_buffer_size = 256K  
  read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K  
  myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M  
  character-set-server=utf8  
  init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,  # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.  
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.  
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows  
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!  #   
#skip-networking  

  # Replication Master Server (default)  
  # binary logging is required for replication  
  log-bin=mysql-bin  

    # binary logging format - mixed recommended  
    binlog_format=mixed  

      # required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1  
      # defaults to 1 if master-host is not set  
      # but will not function as a master if omitted  
      server-id   = 1  

    # Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)  
    #  
    # To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between  
    # two methods :  
    #  
    # 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -  
    #    the syntax is:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,  
    #    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;  
    #  
    #    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and  
    #    <port> by the master&#39;s port number (3306 by default).      #  
    #    Example:  
    #  
    #    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=&#39;125.564.12.1&#39;, MASTER_PORT=3306,  
    #    MASTER_USER=&#39;joe&#39;, MASTER_PASSWORD=&#39;secret&#39;;  
    #  
    # OR  
    #  
    # 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then  
    #    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example  
    #    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to  
    #    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later  
    #    change in this file to the variables&#39; values below will be ignored and      #    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown  
    #    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.  
    #    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched  
    #    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)  
    #  
    # required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1  
    # (and different from the master)  
    # defaults to 2 if master-host is set  
    # but will not function as a slave if omitted  
    #server-id       = 2  
    #  
    # The replication master for this slave - required  
    #master-host     =   <hostname>  
    #  
    # The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting  
    # to the master - required  
    #master-user     =   <username>  
    #  
    # The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to  
    # the master - required  
    #master-password =   <password>  
    #  
    # The port the master is listening on.  
    # optional - defaults to 3306  
    #master-port     =  <port>  
    #  
    # binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended  
    #log-bin=mysql-bin  

      # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables  
      #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend  
      #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data  
      # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %  
      # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high  
      #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M  
      #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M  
      # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size  
      #innodb_log_file_size = 5M  
      #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M  
      #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1  
      #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50  

        [mysqldump]  
        quick  
        max_allowed_packet = 16M  

          [mysql]  
          no-auto-rehash  
          # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
          #safe-updates  
          default-character-set=utf8   

        [myisamchk]  
        key_buffer_size = 20M  
        sort_buffer_size = 20M  
        read_buffer = 2M  
        write_buffer = 2M  

          [mysqlhotcopy]  
          interactive-timeout

　　保存并将文件存在至/etc/目录之下，重启mysql服务器，即修改成功，

            如果还是不能插入汉字，请重新创建数据库和表。

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