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一个完整的mysql读写分离环境包括以下几个部分:
应用程序client
database proxy
database集群
在本次实战中,应用程序client基于c3p0连接后端的database proxy。database proxy负责管理client实际访问database的路由策略,采用开源框架amoeba。database集群采用mysql的master-slave的replication方案。整个环境的结构图如下所示:
实战步骤与详解
一.搭建mysql的master-slave环境
1)分别在host1(10.20.147.110)和host2(10.20.147.111)上安装mysql(5.0.45),具体安装方法可见官方文档
2)配置master
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
log-bin=mysql-bin #slave会基于此log-bin来做replication server-id=1 #master的标示 binlog-do-db = amoeba_study #用于master-slave的具体数据库
然后添加专门用于replication的用户:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repl@10.20.147.111 IDENTIFIED BY '111111';
重启mysql,使得配置生效:
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
最后查看master状态:
3)配置slave
首先编辑/etc/my.cnf,添加以下配置:
server-id=2 #slave的标示
配置生效后,配置与master的连接:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO -> MASTER_HOST='10.20.147.110', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='111111', -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', -> MASTER_LOG_POS=161261;
其中MASTER_HOST是master机的ip,MASTER_USER和MASTER_PASSWORD就是我们刚才在master上添加的用户,MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS对应与master status里的信息
最后启动slave:
mysql> start slave;
4)验证master-slave搭建生效
通过查看slave机的log(/var/log/mysqld.log):
100703 10:51:42 [Note] Slave I/O thread: connected to master 'repl@10.20.147.110:3306', replication started in log 'mysql-bin.000003' at position 161261
如看到以上信息则证明搭建成功,如果有问题也可通过此log找原因
二.搭建database proxy
此次实战中database proxy采用amoeba ,它的相关信息可以查阅官方文档,不在此详述
1)安装amoeba
下载amoeba(1.2.0-GA)后解压到本地(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA),即完成安装
2)配置amoeba
先配置proxy连接和与各后端mysql服务器连接信息(D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/amoeba.xml):
以上是proxy提供给client的连接配置
<dbServerList> <dbServer name="server1"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql <a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/dotnet" class='replace_word' title=".NET知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>.NET</a> .MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.110</property> <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password"></property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba <a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/dotnet" class='replace_word' title=".NET知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>.Net</a> .poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> <dbServer name="server2"> <!-- PoolableObjectFactory实现类 --> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="manager">defaultManager</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库端口 --> <property name="port">3306</property> <!-- 真实mysql数据库IP --> <property name="ipAddress">10.20.147.111</property> <property name="schema">amoeba_study</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的用户名 --> <property name="user">root</property> <!-- 用于登陆mysql的密码 --> <property name="password"></property> </factoryConfig> <!-- ObjectPool实现类 --> <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool"> <property name="maxActive">200</property> <property name="maxIdle">200</property> <property name="minIdle">10</property> <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property> <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property> <property name="testOnBorrow">true</property> <property name="testWhileIdle">true</property> </poolConfig> </dbServer> </dbServerList>
以上是proxy与后端各mysql数据库服务器配置信息,具体配置见注释很明白了
最后配置读写分离策略:
从以上配置不然发现,写操作路由到server1(master),读操作路由到server2(slave)
3)启动amoeba
在命令行里运行D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/amoeba.bat即可:
log4j:WARN log4j config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/log4j.xml log4j:WARN ip access config load completed from file:D:/openSource/amoeba-mysql-1.2.0-GA/conf/access_list.conf 2010-07-03 09:55:33,821 INFO net.ServerableConnectionManager - Server listening on 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0:8066.
三.client端调用与测试
1)编写client调用程序
具体程序细节就不详述了,只是一个最普通的基于mysql driver的jdbc的数据库操作程序
2)配置数据库连接
本client基于c3p0,具体数据源配置如下:
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:8066/amoeba_study" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="minPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800" /> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1" /> <property name="maxStatements" value="0" /> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="1" /> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="1800" /> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="6" /> <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000" /> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false" /> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true" /> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="false" /> </bean>
值得注意是,client端只需连到proxy,与实际的数据库没有任何关系,因此jdbcUrl、user、password配置都对应于amoeba暴露出来的配置信息
3)调用与测试
首先插入一条数据:
insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
通过查看master机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 1 Query set names latin1 1 Query SET NAMES latin1 1 Query SET character_set_results = NULL 1 Query SHOW VARIABLES 1 Query SHOW COLLATION 1 Query SET autocommit=1 1 Query SET sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES' 1 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'tx_isolation' 1 Query SHOW FULL TABLES FROM `amoeba_study` LIKE 'PROBABLYNOT' 1 Prepare [1] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?) 1 Prepare [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(?,?) 1 Execute [2] insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知写操作发生在master机上
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 11:58:42 2 Query insert into zone_by_id(id,name) values(20003,'name_20003')
得知slave同步执行了这条语句
然后查一条数据:select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log:
100703 12:02:00 33 Query set names latin1 33 Prepare [1] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ? 33 Prepare [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = ? 33 Execute [2] select t.name from zone_by_id t where t.id = 20003
得知读操作发生在slave机上
并且通过查看slave机上的日志/var/lib/mysql/mysql_log.log发现这条语句没在master上执行
通过以上验证得知简单的master-slave搭建和实战得以生效
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