Yii2 advanced版API接口开发 基于RESTful架构的 配置、实现、测试

环境配置：

开启服务器伪静态

本处以apache为例，查看apache的conf目录下httpd.conf，找到下面的代码

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

将其前面的#去掉，如果没有找到则添加进去。

找到一下代码

<directory><span>    AllowOverride All
    Options None
    </span><span>Require</span><span> all granted
</span></directory>

将原本的AllowOverride None改为AllowOverride All。

然后在站点根目录下创建一个.htaccess文件，内容如下：

<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c><span>  Options </span>+<span>FollowSymlinks
  RewriteEngine On
  RewriteCond </span>%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-<span>d
  RewriteCond </span>%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-<span>f
  RewriteRule </span>. index.<span>php
</span></ifmodule>

.htaccess

此处不再赘述yii2的配置，如果需要可以看YII2实战手册。

YII2实际操作:

1、配置URL规则及modules

（1）新建modules文件夹，实行api接口版本控制。例如V1版本、V2版本……

在v1文件夹下新建controllers文件夹（控制器）、models文件夹（模型）、Module.php配置文件。

Module.php文件如下：

<span> 1</span> <span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>namespace api\modules\v1;
</span><span> 3</span><span> 4</span><span>class</span> Module <span>extends</span><span> \yii\base\Module
</span><span> 5</span><span>{
</span><span> 6</span><span> 7</span><span>public</span><span>$controllerNamespace</span> = 'api\modules\v1\controllers'<span>;
</span><span> 8</span><span> 9</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> init()
</span><span>10</span><span>    {
</span><span>11</span>         parent::<span>init();
</span><span>12</span><span>    }
</span><span>13</span> }

第2行和第7行随版本扩展而变化（v1->v2...）。

（2）配置config文件夹下的main.php文件

<span> 1</span> <span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>$params</span> = <span>array_merge</span>(<span>require</span> (__DIR__ . '/../../common/config/params.php'), <span>require</span> (__DIR__ . '/../../common/config/params-local.php'), <span>require</span> (__DIR__ . '/params.php'), <span>require</span> (__DIR__ . '/params-local.php'<span>));
</span><span> 3</span><span> 4</span><span>return</span><span> [
</span><span> 5</span>     'id' => 'app-api',
<span> 6</span>     'basePath' => <span>dirname</span>(__DIR__),
<span> 7</span>     'bootstrap' =><span> [
</span><span> 8</span>         'log'
<span> 9</span>     ],
<span>10</span>     'modules' =><span> [
</span><span>11</span>         'v1' =><span> [
</span><span>12</span>             'class' => 'api\modules\v1\Module'
<span>13</span>         ],
<span>14</span>         'v2' =><span> [
</span><span>15</span>             'class' => 'api\modules\v2\Module'
<span>16</span><span>        ]
</span><span>17</span>     ],
<span>18</span>     'controllerNamespace' => 'api\controllers',
<span>19</span>     'components' =><span> [
</span><span>20</span>         'user' =><span> [
</span><span>21</span>             'identityClass' => 'common\models\User',
<span>22</span>             'enableAutoLogin' => <span>false</span>,
<span>23</span>             'enableSession' => <span>false</span>,
<span>24</span>             'loginUrl' => <span>null</span><span>25</span>         ],
<span>26</span>         'urlManager' =><span> [
</span><span>27</span>             'enablePrettyUrl' => <span>true</span>, <span>//</span><span> 启用美化URL</span><span>28</span>             'enableStrictParsing' => <span>true</span>, <span>//</span><span> 是否执行严格的url解析</span><span>29</span>             'showScriptName' => <span>false</span>, <span>//</span><span> 在URL路径中是否显示脚本入口文件</span><span>30</span>             'rules' =><span> [
</span><span>31</span><span>                [
</span><span>32</span>                     'class' => 'yii\rest\UrlRule',
<span>33</span>                     'controller' =><span> [
</span><span>34</span>                         'v1/site'
<span>35</span><span>                    ]
</span><span>36</span>                 ],
<span>37</span><span>                [
</span><span>38</span>                     'class' => 'yii\rest\UrlRule',
<span>39</span>                     'controller' =><span> [
</span><span>40</span>                         'v2/site'
<span>41</span><span>                    ]
</span><span>42</span><span>                ]
</span><span>43</span><span>            ]
</span><span>44</span>         ],
<span>45</span>         'log' =><span> [
</span><span>46</span>             'traceLevel' => YII_DEBUG ? 3 : 0,
<span>47</span>             'targets' =><span> [
</span><span>48</span><span>                [
</span><span>49</span>                     'class' => 'yii\log\FileTarget',
<span>50</span>                     'levels' =><span> [
</span><span>51</span>                         'error',
<span>52</span>                         'warning'
<span>53</span><span>                    ]
</span><span>54</span><span>                ]
</span><span>55</span><span>            ]
</span><span>56</span>         ],
<span>57</span>         'errorHandler' =><span> [
</span><span>58</span>             'errorAction' => 'site/error'
<span>59</span><span>        ]
</span><span>60</span>     ],
<span>61</span>     'params' => <span>$params</span><span>62</span> ];

main.php

注意10~17行、20~44行的组件配置，相信大家仔细阅读就能明白，此处不再赘述原理，请大家尤其注意33~35行的代码，此处表示的是v1/site控制器，随着接口控制器的增多，可以直接在数组中增加即可。本文力求快速配置出RESTful架构的实现。

（3）v2、v3表示以后的版本变化，配置都类似于v1文件夹。

2、创建一个模型

数据库准备一个名为mxq_guide的数据表

<span>CREATE TABLE `mxq_guide` (
  `id` int(</span>11) NOT <span>NULL</span> AUTO_INCREMENT,<span>  `imgurl` varchar(</span>255) <span>DEFAULT</span><span>NULL </span>COMMENT '图片路径'<span>,</span><span><br>  `status` int(</span><span>11) </span><span>DEFAULT</span><span>NULL</span><span> COMMENT '1启用 0禁用',<br></span><span>  `flag` int(</span><span>11) </span><span>DEFAULT</span><span>NULL</span><span> COMMENT '1安卓 2苹果',</span><span><br>   PRIMARY </span><span>KEY</span><span> (`id`) <br>   ) ENGINE</span><span>=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=24 </span><span>DEFAULT</span><span> CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='APP导航图';</span>

创建后请注意及时往数据库添加几条数据信息。

通过脚手架gii来创建guide.php模型（使用方法请看yii2权威指南）。生成后的文件注意改写，修改为如下形式以满足RESTful的需求。之后从models文件夹中转移到v1/models文件夹中，并注意命名空间的修改。

<span> 1</span> <span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>namespace api\modules\v1\models;
</span><span> 3</span><span> 4</span><span>use</span><span> Yii;
</span><span> 5</span><span>use</span><span> yii\db\ActiveRecord;
</span><span> 6</span><span>use</span><span> yii\web\IdentityInterface;
</span><span> 7</span><span> 8</span><span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 9</span><span> * This is the model class for table "{{%guide}}".
</span><span>10</span><span> *
</span><span>11</span><span> * @property integer $id
</span><span>12</span><span> * @property string $imgurl
</span><span>13</span><span> * @property integer $status
</span><span>14</span><span> * @property integer $flag
</span><span>15</span><span>*/</span><span>16</span><span>class</span> Guide <span>extends</span> ActiveRecord <span>implements</span><span> IdentityInterface
</span><span>17</span><span>{
</span><span>18</span><span>19</span><span>public</span><span>static</span><span>function</span> findIdentityByAccessToken(<span>$token</span>, <span>$type</span> = <span>null</span><span>)
</span><span>20</span><span>    {
</span><span>21</span><span>return</span><span>static</span>::<span>findOne([
</span><span>22</span>             'access_token' => <span>$token</span><span>23</span><span>        ]);
</span><span>24</span><span>    }
</span><span>25</span><span>26</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> getId()
</span><span>27</span><span>    {
</span><span>28</span><span>return</span><span>$this</span>-><span>id;
</span><span>29</span><span>    }
</span><span>30</span><span>31</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> getAuthKey()
</span><span>32</span><span>    {
</span><span>33</span><span>return</span><span>$this</span>-><span>authKey;
</span><span>34</span><span>    }
</span><span>35</span><span>36</span><span>public</span><span>function</span> validateAuthKey(<span>$authKey</span><span>)
</span><span>37</span><span>    {
</span><span>38</span><span>return</span><span>$this</span>->authKey === <span>$authKey</span><span>;
</span><span>39</span><span>    }
</span><span>40</span><span>41</span><span>public</span><span>static</span><span>function</span> findIdentity(<span>$id</span><span>)
</span><span>42</span><span>    {
</span><span>43</span><span>return</span><span>static</span>::findOne(<span>$id</span><span>);
</span><span>44</span><span>    }
</span><span>45</span><span>46</span><span>public</span><span>static</span><span>function</span><span> tableName()
</span><span>47</span><span>    {
</span><span>48</span><span>return</span> '{{%guide}}'<span>;
</span><span>49</span><span>    }
</span><span>50</span><span>51</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> rules()
</span><span>52</span><span>    {
</span><span>53</span><span>return</span><span> [
</span><span>54</span><span>            [
</span><span>55</span><span>                [
</span><span>56</span>                     'imgurl',
<span>57</span>                     'status',
<span>58</span>                     'flag'
<span>59</span>                 ],
<span>60</span>                 'required'
<span>61</span>             ],
<span>62</span><span>            [
</span><span>63</span><span>                [
</span><span>64</span>                     'status',
<span>65</span>                     'flag'
<span>66</span>                 ],
<span>67</span>                 'integer'
<span>68</span>             ],
<span>69</span><span>            [
</span><span>70</span><span>                [
</span><span>71</span>                     'imgurl'
<span>72</span>                 ],
<span>73</span>                 'string',
<span>74</span>                 'max' => 255
<span>75</span><span>            ]
</span><span>76</span><span>        ];
</span><span>77</span><span>    }
</span><span>78</span><span>79</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> attributeLabels()
</span><span>80</span><span>    {
</span><span>81</span><span>return</span><span> [
</span><span>82</span>             'id' => Yii::t('app', 'ID'),
<span>83</span>             'imgurl' => Yii::t('app', 'imgurl'),
<span>84</span>             'status' => Yii::t('app', 'status'),
<span>85</span>             'flag' => Yii::t('app', 'flag'<span>)
</span><span>86</span><span>        ];
</span><span>87</span><span>    }
</span><span>88</span> }

guide.php

3、创建一个控制器

<span> 1</span> <span>php
</span><span> 2</span><span>namespace api\modules\v1\controllers;
</span><span> 3</span><span> 4</span><span>use</span><span> Yii;
</span><span> 5</span><span>use</span><span> yii\rest\ActiveController;
</span><span> 6</span><span>use</span><span> yii\filters\auth\CompositeAuth;
</span><span> 7</span><span>use</span><span> yii\filters\auth\QueryParamAuth;
</span><span> 8</span><span>use</span><span> yii\data\ActiveDataProvider;
</span><span> 9</span><span>10</span><span>class</span> SiteController <span>extends</span><span> ActiveController
</span><span>11</span><span>{
</span><span>12</span><span>13</span><span>public</span><span>$modelClass</span> = 'api\modules\v1\models\guide'<span>;
</span><span>14</span><span>15</span><span>public</span><span>$serializer</span> =<span> [
</span><span>16</span>         'class' => 'yii\rest\Serializer',
<span>17</span>         'collectionEnvelope' => 'items'
<span>18</span><span>    ];
</span><span>19</span><span>20</span><span>//</span><span> public function behaviors()
</span><span>21</span><span>    // {
</span><span>22</span><span>    // $behaviors = parent::behaviors();
</span><span>23</span><span>    // $behaviors['authenticator'] = [
</span><span>24</span><span>    // 'class' => CompositeAuth::className(),
</span><span>25</span><span>    // 'authMethods' => [
</span><span>26</span><span>    // QueryParamAuth::className()
</span><span>27</span><span>    // ]
</span><span>28</span><span>    // ];
</span><span>29</span><span>    // return $behaviors;
</span><span>30</span><span>    // }</span><span>31</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> actions()
</span><span>32</span><span>    {
</span><span>33</span><span>$actions</span> = parent::<span>actions();
</span><span>34</span><span>//</span><span> 注销系统自带的实现方法</span><span>35</span><span>unset</span>(<span>$actions</span>['index'], <span>$actions</span>['update'], <span>$actions</span>['create'], <span>$actions</span>['delete'], <span>$actions</span>['view'<span>]);
</span><span>36</span><span>return</span><span>$actions</span><span>;
</span><span>37</span><span>    }
</span><span>38</span><span>39</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> actionIndex()
</span><span>40</span><span>    {
</span><span>41</span><span>$modelClass</span> = <span>$this</span>-><span>modelClass;
</span><span>42</span><span>$query</span> = <span>$modelClass</span>::<span>find();
</span><span>43</span><span>return</span><span>new</span><span> ActiveDataProvider([
</span><span>44</span>             'query' => <span>$query</span><span>45</span><span>        ]);
</span><span>46</span><span>    }
</span><span>47</span><span>48</span><span>public</span><span>function</span><span> actionCreate()
</span><span>49</span><span>    {
</span><span>50</span><span>$model</span> = <span>new</span><span>$this</span>-><span>modelClass();
</span><span>51</span><span>//</span><span> $model->load(Yii::$app->getRequest()
</span><span>52</span><span>        // ->getBodyParams(), '');</span><span>53</span><span>$model</span>->attributes = Yii::<span>$app</span>->request-><span>post();
</span><span>54</span><span>if</span> (! <span>$model</span>-><span>save()) {
</span><span>55</span><span>return</span><span>array_values</span>(<span>$model</span>->getFirstErrors())[0<span>];
</span><span>56</span><span>        }
</span><span>57</span><span>return</span><span>$model</span><span>;
</span><span>58</span><span>    }
</span><span>59</span><span>60</span><span>public</span><span>function</span> actionUpdate(<span>$id</span><span>)
</span><span>61</span><span>    {
</span><span>62</span><span>$model</span> = <span>$this</span>->findModel(<span>$id</span><span>);
</span><span>63</span><span>$model</span>->attributes = Yii::<span>$app</span>->request-><span>post();
</span><span>64</span><span>if</span> (! <span>$model</span>-><span>save()) {
</span><span>65</span><span>return</span><span>array_values</span>(<span>$model</span>->getFirstErrors())[0<span>];
</span><span>66</span><span>        }
</span><span>67</span><span>return</span><span>$model</span><span>;
</span><span>68</span><span>    }
</span><span>69</span><span>70</span><span>public</span><span>function</span> actionDelete(<span>$id</span><span>)
</span><span>71</span><span>    {
</span><span>72</span><span>return</span><span>$this</span>->findModel(<span>$id</span>)-><span>delete();
</span><span>73</span><span>    }
</span><span>74</span><span>75</span><span>public</span><span>function</span> actionView(<span>$id</span><span>)
</span><span>76</span><span>    {
</span><span>77</span><span>return</span><span>$this</span>->findModel(<span>$id</span><span>);
</span><span>78</span><span>    }
</span><span>79</span><span>80</span><span>protected</span><span>function</span> findModel(<span>$id</span><span>)
</span><span>81</span><span>    {
</span><span>82</span><span>$modelClass</span> = <span>$this</span>-><span>modelClass;
</span><span>83</span><span>if</span> ((<span>$model</span> = <span>$modelClass</span>::findOne(<span>$id</span>)) !== <span>null</span><span>) {
</span><span>84</span><span>return</span><span>$model</span><span>;
</span><span>85</span>         } <span>else</span><span> {
</span><span>86</span><span>throw</span><span>new</span> NotFoundHttpException('The requested page does not exist.'<span>);
</span><span>87</span><span>        }
</span><span>88</span><span>    }
</span><span>89</span><span>90</span><span>public</span><span>function</span> checkAccess(<span>$action</span>, <span>$model</span> = <span>null</span>, <span>$params</span> =<span> [])
</span><span>91</span><span>    {
</span><span>92</span><span>//</span><span> 检查用户能否访问 $action 和 $model
</span><span>93</span><span>        // 访问被拒绝应抛出ForbiddenHttpException
</span><span>94</span><span>        // var_dump($params);exit;</span><span>95</span><span>    }
</span><span>96</span> }

SiteController.php

控制器请创建在modules/controllers文件夹下，并注意命名空间的修改。

要注意的是，此处的控制器与普通的控制器继承Controller不同，此处需继承ActiveController类。

20~30行注释的代码是基于RESTful架构的access_token认证，目前还未测试通过，后续补充。

至此，基于YII2的所有配置已基本完成，接下来介绍api接口测试工具及方法。

RESTful的测试工具PostMAN:

 首先介绍一下postman这款插件，是基于谷歌浏览器的一款模拟请求的实用插件。具体使用，在下面测试过程中涉及截图，介绍不足之处请见谅，自己也是第一次使用。

推荐使用上面的APP版本，便于后续封装自己写好的api接口，下面的是网页版本。

YII2支持的RESTful有四种请求方式：GET查看信息，POST创建信息，PUT更新信息，DELETE删除信息。

下面开始演示四种请求数据的方式。（只是截图演示效果，具体使用还需要大家自己去摸索。）

此处演示的是GET方法请求数据库的数据。对应的是modules/controllers/SiteController/actionIndex方法。

请大家注意最上面方框内的URL地址，rest默认将控制器进行复数请求http://api.mxq.com/v1/sites，此处就是rest的默认规则。

打*星号位置显示的是正常的效果，如若出现错误，大家可以去YII权威指南——错误检查错误原因。

YII2的ActiveController默认实现了数据的分页效果。

此处演示的是POST方法新建数据库的数据。对应的是modules/controllers/SiteController/actionCreate方法。

如果在数据库的数据层写好数据校验规则，此处提交数据不满足要求的时候就会显示相应的错误。这也是REST的优势之一。比如如下情况，flag我定义的是int型：

接下来演示的是PUT方法更新数据库的数据。对应的是modules/controllers/SiteController/actionUpdate方法。

此处请大家再次注意最上面的URL:http://api.mxq.com/v1/sites/15  此处15代表的是数据库id为15的数据，表示更新数据库ID为15的数据信息。请大家一定注意。RESTful在使用更新和删除数据操作的时候，id不能一表单的形式提交，必须紧跟在URL之后。

接下来演示的是DELETE方法删除数据库的数据。对应的是modules/controllers/SiteController/actionDelete方法。

当返回值为1的时候表示的就是删除操作执行成功。具体原理请大家仔细观察sitecontroller控制器内的函数。

---

以上就是基于yii2的RESTful的一些简单介绍、实现方法以及测试结果。有什么不正确或遗漏的地方，欢迎大家来补充。后续也会在此基础上进行更新。本人第一次接触yii2框架和RESTful架构，表述如有不对之处，请大家见谅。

以上就介绍了Yii2 advanced版API接口开发 基于RESTful架构的 配置、实现、测试，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。