Redis，redis入门指南_PHP教程

Redis，redis入门指南

忙里偷闲啊...

<span>  1</span> <?<span>php
</span><span>  2</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span>  3</span> <span> * Description: Redis
</span><span>  4</span> <span> * Create date:2015-10-11 17:27
</span><span>  5</span> <span> * Author: zhaoyingnan
</span><span>  6</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span>  7</span> 
<span>  8</span> <span>/*</span>
<span>  9</span> <span>__construct,__destruct,connect,pconnect,close,ping,echo,get,set,
</span><span> 10</span> <span>setex,psetex,setnx,getSet,randomKey,renameKey,renameNx,getMultiple,exists,delete,
</span><span> 11</span> <span>incr,incrBy,incrByFloat,decr,decrBy,type,append,getRange,setRange,getBit,
</span><span> 12</span> <span>setBit,strlen,getKeys,sort,sortAsc,sortAscAlpha,sortDesc,sortDescAlpha,lPush,rPush,
</span><span> 13</span> <span>lPushx,rPushx,lPop,rPop,blPop,brPop,lSize,lRemove,listTrim,lGet,
</span><span> 14</span> <span>lGetRange,lSet,lInsert,sAdd,sSize,sRemove,sMove,sPop,sRandMember,sContains,
</span><span> 15</span> <span>sMembers,sInter,sInterStore,sUnion,sUnionStore,sDiff,sDiffStore,setTimeout,save,bgSave,
</span><span> 16</span> <span>lastSave,flushDB,flushAll,dbSize,auth,ttl,pttl,persist,info,resetStat,
</span><span> 17</span> <span>select,move,bgrewriteaof,slaveof,object,bitop,bitcount,bitpos,mset,msetnx,
</span><span> 18</span> <span>rpoplpush,brpoplpush,zAdd,zDelete,zRange,zReverseRange,zRangeByScore,zRevRangeByScore,zCount,zDeleteRangeByScore,
</span><span> 19</span> <span>zDeleteRangeByRank,zCard,zScore,zRank,zRevRank,zInter,zUnion,zIncrBy,expireAt,pexpire,
</span><span> 20</span> <span>pexpireAt,hGet,hSet,hSetNx,hDel,hLen,hKeys,hVals,hGetAll,hExists,
</span><span> 21</span> <span>hIncrBy,hIncrByFloat,hMset,hMget,multi,discard,exec,pipeline,watch,unwatch,
</span><span> 22</span> <span>publish,subscribe,psubscribe,unsubscribe,punsubscribe,time,eval,evalsha,script,dump,
</span><span> 23</span> <span>restore,migrate,getLastError,clearLastError,_prefix,_serialize,_unserialize,client,scan,hscan,
</span><span> 24</span> <span>zscan,sscan,getOption,setOption,config,slowlog,getHost,getPort,getDBNum,getTimeout,
</span><span> 25</span> <span>getReadTimeout,getPersistentID,getAuth,isConnected,wait,pubsub,open,popen,lLen,sGetMembers,
</span><span> 26</span> <span>mget,expire,zunionstore,zinterstore,zRemove,zRem,zRemoveRangeByScore,zRemRangeByScore,zRemRangeByRank,zSize,
</span><span> 27</span> <span>substr,rename,del,keys,lrem,ltrim,lindex,lrange,scard,srem,
</span><span> 28</span> <span>sismember,zrevrange,sendEcho,evaluate,evaluateSha,
</span><span> 29</span>  <span>*/</span>
<span> 30</span> <span>//</span><span>PHP 中 Redis 的可操作的方法</span>
<span> 31</span> <span>$ReRedis</span>    =    <span>new</span> ReflectionClass('Redis'<span>);
</span><span> 32</span> <span>$arMethods</span>    =    <span>$ReRedis</span>-><span>getMethods();
</span><span> 33</span> <span>$arMethods</span>    =    objarray_to_array(<span>$arMethods</span><span>);
</span><span> 34</span> <span>//</span><span>print_r($arMethods);</span>
<span> 35</span> <span>function</span> objarray_to_array(<span>$obj</span><span>) {  
</span><span> 36</span>     <span>$ret</span> = <span>array</span><span>();  
</span><span> 37</span>     <span>foreach</span> (<span>$obj</span> <span>as</span> <span>$key</span> => <span>$value</span><span>) {  
</span><span> 38</span>         <span>if</span> (<span>gettype</span>(<span>$value</span>) == "array" || <span>gettype</span>(<span>$value</span>) == "object"<span>){  
</span><span> 39</span>             <span>$ret</span>[<span>$key</span>] =  objarray_to_array(<span>$value</span><span>);  
</span><span> 40</span>         }<span>else</span><span>{  
</span><span> 41</span>             <span>$ret</span>[<span>$key</span>] = <span>$value</span><span>;  
</span><span> 42</span> <span>        }  
</span><span> 43</span> <span>    }  
</span><span> 44</span>     <span>return</span> <span>$ret</span><span>;  
</span><span> 45</span> <span>}
</span><span> 46</span> <span>$i</span>    =    1<span>;
</span><span> 47</span> <span>foreach</span>(<span>$arMethods</span> <span>as</span> <span>$arVal</span><span>)
</span><span> 48</span>     <span>echo</span> <span>$arVal</span>['name'],','<span>;
</span><span> 49</span> 
<span> 50</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 介绍 ***********************************</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 51</span> <span>//</span><span>Redis，一款 内存高速缓存数据库，数据模型为 key-value
</span><span> 52</span> <span>//Redis 可持久化，（即它会将数据保存自硬盘中）保证了数据的安全
</span><span> 53</span> <span>//Redis 丰富的数据类型：string，list，hash，set，sorted set</span>
<span> 54</span> 
<span> 55</span> 
<span> 56</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 和 Memcached比较 ***********************</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 57</span> <span>//</span><span>    Redis 不仅仅支持简单的 key-value ,同时还提供list，set，hash等数据结构的存储
</span><span> 58</span> <span>//    Redis 支持 master-slave（主-从）模式应用
</span><span> 59</span> <span>//    Redis 支持数据的持久化，可以将内存中的数据村春在硬盘中，重启、断电的时候并不会丢失数据
</span><span> 60</span> <span>//    Redis 单个 value 的最大限制的 1GB，Memcached 只能保存 1MB</span>
<span> 61</span> 
<span> 62</span> 
<span> 63</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 中对 key 的操作 ************************</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 64</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 65</span> <span> * eixists key                    测试指定的 key 是否存在
</span><span> 66</span> <span> * del key1 key2 key3 ...        删除给定的 key
</span><span> 67</span> <span> * type    key                        返回给定的 key 的 value 类型
</span><span> 68</span> <span> * keys pattern                    返回匹配指定模式的所有的 key
</span><span> 69</span> <span> * rename oldkeyname newkeyname    改名字
</span><span> 70</span> <span> * dbsize                        返回当前数据库的 key 的数量
</span><span> 71</span> <span> * expire key seconds            为 key 设置过期时间
</span><span> 72</span> <span> * ttl key                        返回 key 的剩余过期时间
</span><span> 73</span> <span> * select db-index                选择数据库（0-15）
</span><span> 74</span> <span> * move key db-index            将 key 从当前数据库移动到指定的数据库
</span><span> 75</span> <span> * flushdb                        删除当前数据库中的所有的 key
</span><span> 76</span> <span> * flushall                        删除所有数据库中所有 key
</span><span> 77</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 78</span> 
<span> 79</span> 
<span> 80</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 中对 string 类型的操作 *******************</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 81</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 82</span> <span> * set key value                设置 key 对应的值为 string 类型的  value
</span><span> 83</span> <span> * mset key1 value1 key2 value2 keyN valueN    一次性设置多个 key 的值
</span><span> 84</span> <span> * mget    key1 key2 keyN            一次性获取多个 key 的值
</span><span> 85</span> <span> * incr key                        对 key 的值进行自增操作，步进值为1，并返回新的值
</span><span> 86</span> <span> * decr key                        对 key 的值进行自减操作，步进值为1，并返回新的值
</span><span> 87</span> <span> * incrby key integer            同 incr ，但是步进值为指定的 integer ，并返回新的值
</span><span> 88</span> <span> * decrby key integer            同 decr ，但是步进值为指定的 integer ，并返回新的值
</span><span> 89</span> <span> * append key value                给指定的 key 对应的值追加 value
</span><span> 90</span> <span> * substr key start end            返回截取过的 key 对应的值,包括开始和结束的位置，下标从0开始
</span><span> 91</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 92</span> 
<span> 93</span> 
<span> 94</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 中对 list 类型的操作 **********************</span><span>*/</span>
<span> 95</span> <span>//</span><span>list 类型是一个双向链表，通过 push，pop 操作从链表的头部或者尾部添加或删除元素。
</span><span> 96</span> <span>//应用的场景：获得最新登录的10个用户的信息</span>
<span> 97</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span> 98</span> <span> * lpush key value                在 key 对应的 list 的头部添加 value 元素，返回 list 中元素的个数
</span><span> 99</span> <span> * rpush key value                在 key 对应的 list 的尾部添加 value 元素，返回 list 中元素的个数
</span><span>100</span> <span> * rpop key                        在 key 对应的 list 的尾部删除一个元素，并返回该元素的内容
</span><span>101</span> <span> * lpop key                        在 key 对应的 list 的头部删除一个元素，并返回该元素的内容
</span><span>102</span> <span> * llen key                        返回 key 对应的 list 的中元素的个数，若不存在则为0，若不是 list 类型则报错
</span><span>103</span> <span> * lrange key start end            返回 key 对应的 list 的中指定区间内的元素，包括开始和结束的位置，下标从0开始
</span><span>104</span> <span> * ltrim key start key            截取 list，保留指定区间内的元素
</span><span>105</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span>106</span> 
<span>107</span> 
<span>108</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 中对 set 类型的操作 ************************</span><span>*/</span>
<span>109</span> <span>//</span><span>set 无序集合，每个集合的元素是不会重复的，最多可以包含2的32次方个元素(交集、并集、差集)
</span><span>110</span> <span>//应用场景：QQ好友推荐，你和张三的共同好友</span>
<span>111</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span>112</span> <span> * sadd key member                添加一个 member 元素到 key 对应的 set 集合中，成功返回1，若元素已经存在，返回0
</span><span>113</span> <span> * sren key member1 memberN        从 key 对应的 set 集合中删除给定的元素，成功返回1
</span><span>114</span> <span> * scard key                    返回 key 对应的 set 集合中的元素个数
</span><span>115</span> <span> * smembers key                    返回 key 对应的 set 集合中的所有元素，是无序的
</span><span>116</span> <span> * sismember key member            判断 member 在 key 对应的 set 集合中是否存在，存在返回 1，否则为0
</span><span>117</span> <span> * smove key1 key2 member        将 key1 对应的 set 集合中的 member 移动到 key2 对应的 set 集合中
</span><span>118</span> <span> * sinter key1 key2 keyN        返回所有给定 key 对应的 set 集合的交集
</span><span>119</span> <span> * sunion key1 key2 keyN        返回所有给定 key 对应的 set 集合的并集
</span><span>120</span> <span> * sdiff key1 key2 keyN            返回所有给定 key 对应的 set 集合的差集
</span><span>121</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span>122</span> 
<span>123</span> 
<span>124</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 中对 sorted set 类型的操作 ******************</span><span>*/</span>
<span>125</span> <span>//</span><span>sorted set 排序的集合，与 set 集合不同，它每个集合中的每个元素都是值、权重的组合
</span><span>126</span> <span>//应用场景：排行榜</span>
<span>127</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span>128</span> <span> * zadd key score member        添加元素到 key 对应的 set 集合，其中值为 member，权重为 score
</span><span>129</span> <span> * zrem key member                删除 key 对应的 set 集合中指定的元素 member
</span><span>130</span> <span> * zincrby key incr member        按照 incr 幅度增加 key 对应的 set 集合中 member 元素的 score 权重值
</span><span>131</span> <span> * zrank key member                返回指定元素 member 在 key 对应的 set 集合中的排名下标，排名按 score 小到大，下标0开
</span><span>132</span> <span> * zrevrank key member            返回指定元素 member 在 key 对应的 set 集合中的排名下标，排名按 score 大到小，下标0开
</span><span>133</span> <span> * zrange key start end            返回 key 对应的 set 集合中指定区间的元素的值，排序安 score 小到大，下标0开,含始末
</span><span>134</span> <span> * zrevrange key start end        返回 key 对应的 set 集合中指定区间的元素的值，排序安 score 大到小，下标0开,含始末
</span><span>135</span> <span> * zcard key                    返回 key 对应的 set 集合中的元素个数
</span><span>136</span> <span> * zscore key member            返回 key 对应的 set 集合中给定的值为 member 的元素的 score 的值
</span><span>137</span> <span> * zremrangebyrank key min max    删除 key 对应的 set 集合中排名在给定区间的元素（按 score 小到大排序）
</span><span>138</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span>139</span> 
<span>140</span> 
<span>141</span> <span>/*</span><span>***************************** Redis 数据持久化 ***********************************</span><span>*/</span>
<span>142</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span>143</span> <span> * snap shotting 快照持久化
</span><span>144</span> <span> *        默认开启了该功能，一次性将 Redis 中的全部数据保存一份在硬盘中，数据非常多的话并不适合频繁地执行该操作
</span><span>145</span> <span> *        redis.conf
</span><span>146</span> <span> *            快照持久化的备份频率（数据修改的频率高/低，则备份频率也高/低）
</span><span>147</span> <span> *            save 900 1            #900 秒内如果超过 1 个 key 被修改，则发起一次快照保存
</span><span>148</span> <span> *            save 300 10            #300 秒内如果超过 10 个 key 被修改，则发起一次快照保存 
</span><span>149</span> <span> *            save 60 10000        #60 秒内如果超过 10000 个 key 被修改，则发起一次快照保存
</span><span>150</span> <span> *            dbfilename dump.rdb    #备份的文件名称
</span><span>151</span> <span> *            dir ./                #备份文件的保存路径
</span><span>152</span> <span> *        手动发起一次快照持久化
</span><span>153</span> <span> *            redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 bgsave    #手动发起一次快照持久化
</span><span>154</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>
<span>155</span> 
<span>156</span> <span>/*</span><span>*
</span><span>157</span> <span> * append only file AOF持久化
</span><span>158</span> <span> *        本质：把用户执行的每个'写'指令都备份到文件中，还原数据的时候其实就是执行具体的指令
</span><span>159</span> <span> *        默认没有开启，开启的时候会将 Redis 内的数据清空，使用之前先开启
</span><span>160</span> <span> *        redis.conf
</span><span>161</span> <span> *            appendonly no        #默认不开启
</span><span>162</span> <span> *            appendfilename "appendonly.aof"    #备份文件的名称
</span><span>163</span> <span> *            dir ./              #备份文件的保存路径
</span><span>164</span> <span> *        开启 AOF 持久化时，应使用对应的配置文件重启 Redis
</span><span>165</span> <span> *            redis-server redis.conf
</span><span>166</span> <span> *        AOF 持久化的备份频率
</span><span>167</span> <span> *            redis.conf
</span><span>168</span> <span> *                # appendfsync always    #每次收到写指令就会立即备份，最安全，但最慢，开销大
</span><span>169</span> <span> *                appendfsync everysec    #每秒钟强制备份一次，在性能和持久化方面做了折中，默认
</span><span>170</span> <span> *                # appendfsync no        #完全依赖操作系统，性能最好，持久化没有保证，安全性最差
</span><span>171</span> <span> *        为 AOF 备份文件做优化压缩处理
</span><span>172</span> <span> *            例如将多个 incr 指令变为一个 set 指令
</span><span>173</span> <span> *                redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 bgrewriteaof   #优化压缩
</span><span>174</span> <span> *</span><span>*/</span>

 

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