调解者模式,这个模式的目的是封装一组对象之间的相互作用,防止对象之间相互干扰,调解者(Mediator)在同事对象(Colleague)之间充当中间汇聚点。同事对象之间应该保持松散耦合,避免一个对象直接明确指向另一个对象。在调解者模式下,对象的关系和依赖发生冲突时,我们可以使用调解者在耦合的对象之间协调工作流,依赖可以从同事朝调解者或从调解者向同事建立,这两个方向上的依赖都可以使用AbstractColleague或AbstractMediator中断。
对象不是孤立的,对象之间必须相互协作才能完成任务。虽然调解者模式可以限制对象之间的相互作用,但如果滥用,会致使编写聚合性类变得非常困难。举一个实用的例子,在领域驱动设计(Domain-Driven Design)中的服务就是实体之间的调解者。再举一个PHP相关的例子,Zend_Form装饰和过滤功能实际上可以看作是Zend_Form_Decorator和Zend_Filter实例之间的一个简单调解者,它们都使用Zend_Validate对象进行验证。
当调解者必须监听同事对象的事件时,它通常是作为观察者(Observer)实现的,产生一个黑板(blackboard)对象,一些同事写,另一些同事就读。来自同事的事件被推向调解者,再由调解者将其转发给其它订阅的同事,同事之间不需要相互了解,这个架构成功用于随Zend框架发布的Dojo JavaScript库。这个模式的另一个好处是对象的变化包含在计算方法中,可以通过配置不同的调解者实现这一目标,但实例化相关对象将是一个松散的操作,不同容器和工厂之间的协作关系将是分散的。
参与者:
◆同事(Colleague):重点是它的职责,它只与一个调解者Mediator或AbstractMediator通信。
◆调解者(Mediator):协同多个Colleagues(AbstractColleagues)共同工作。
◆AbstractMediator,AbstractColleague:从这些角色的真实实现解耦的可选接口,可能不止一个AbstractColleague角色。
下面的代码实现了一个表单输入的过滤过程,类似于Zend_Form_Element功能。
复制代码 代码如下:
/**
* AbstractColleague.
*/
interface Filter
{
public function filter($value);
}
/**
* Colleague. We decide in the implementation phase
* that Colleagues should not know the next Colleague
* in the chain, resorting to a Mediator to link them together.
* This choice succesfully avoids a base abstract class
* for Filters.
* Remember that this is an example: it is not only
* Chain of Responsibility that can be alternatively implemented
* as a Mediator.
*/
class TrimFilter implements Filter
{
public function filter($value)
{
return trim($value);
}
}
/** <br> * Colleague. <br> */ <br> class NullFilter implements Filter <br> { <br> public function filter($value) <br> { <br> return $value ? $value : ''; <br> } <br> } <br><br> /** <br> * Colleague. <br> */ <br> class HtmlEntitiesFilter implements Filter <br> { <br> public function filter($value) <br> { <br> return htmlentities($value); <br> } <br> }<br>
/** <br> * The Mediator. We avoid referencing it from ConcreteColleagues <br> * and so the need for an interface. We leave the implementation <br> * of a bidirectional channel for the Observer pattern's example. <br> * This class responsibility is to store the value and coordinate <br> * filters computation when they have to be applied to the value. <br> * Filtering responsibilities are obviously a concern of <br> * the Colleagues, which are Filter implementations. <br> */ <br> class InputElement <br> { <br> protected $_filters; <br> protected $_value; <br><br> public function addFilter(Filter $filter) <br> { <br> $this->_filters[] = $filter; <br> return $this; <br> } <br><br> public function setValue($value) <br> { <br> $this->_value = $this->_filter($value); <br> } <br><br> protected function _filter($value) <br> { <br> foreach ($this->_filters as $filter) { <br> $value = $filter->filter($value); <br> } <br> return $value; <br> } <br><br> public function getValue() <br> { <br> return $this->_value; <br> } <br> } <br><br> $input = new InputElement(); <br> $input->addFilter(new NullFilter()) <br> ->addFilter(new TrimFilter()) <br> ->addFilter(new HtmlEntitiesFilter()); <br> $input->setValue(' You should use the <h1>-<h6> tags for your headings.'); <br> echo $input->getValue(), "\n";<br> </h6> </h1>