Rumah >hujung hadapan web >tutorial js >Cara Membuat Pemancar Acara Keutamaan Tersuai dalam Node.js
npm i -d @types/node tsx typescript npx tsc --init
// tsconfig.json { "compilerOptions": { "target": "es2016", "module": "ES6", "moduleResolution": "nodenext", "allowImportingTsExtensions": true, "esModuleInterop": true, "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, "strict": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "sourceMap": true, "outDir": "./dist", "types": ["node"] }, "include": ["src/**/*.ts"], "exclude": ["node_modules"] } // package.json { "name": "node-starter", "version": "0.0.0", "type": "module", // This should be set to "module" for using ES6 modules "scripts": { "test": "jest" }, "devDependencies": { "@types/jest": "^29.5.14", "jest": "^29.7.0", "typescript": "^5.7.2" }, "dependencies": { "@types/node": "^22.10.2", "tsx": "^4.19.2" } }
Node.js menggunakan EventEmitter sebagai kelas asas untuk mengendalikan acara dalam pengaturcaraan tak segerak. Kelas ini membolehkan anda mendaftarkan pendengar untuk acara tertentu dan memancarkan acara tersebut apabila diperlukan. Secara lalai, EventEmitter memproses peristiwa mengikut susunan pendengar telah ditambahkan. Walau bagaimanapun, kadangkala kita mungkin ingin mengutamakan pelaksanaan pendengar tertentu berbanding yang lain. Di situlah kami boleh memperkenalkan sistem acara berasaskan keutamaan.
Mewarisi daripada EventEmitter:
Untuk mencipta pemancar peristiwa tersuai dengan pengendalian keutamaan, kita perlu melanjutkan kelas EventEmitter terbina dalam. Ini memberi kami akses kepada semua kaedah terbina dalam seperti on, emit dan removeListener.
import EventEmitter from 'events'; export class PriorityEmitter extends EventEmitter { private _listeners: Record< string, { listener: (...args: any[]) => void; priority: number }[] >; constructor() { super(); this._listeners = {}; } }
- `PriorityEmitter` extends `EventEmitter`, so it inherits all of its functionality. - We introduce a new internal property `_listeners` to store listeners along with their priorities.
Mengatasi Kaedah on:
Dengan mengatasi kaedah on, kami boleh menambah logik tersuai untuk menyimpan pendengar bersama keutamaan mereka dan menyusunnya berdasarkan keutamaan mereka.
on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void, priority = 0) { if (!this._listeners[event]) this._listeners[event] = []; this._listeners[event].push({ listener, priority }); this._listeners[event].sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority); return this; }
- For production usage, consider using other data structures instead of arrays, which maintain order. - When a listener is added using `on`, we push the listener and its priority into the `_listeners` array. - We then sort the listeners in descending order based on the priority. This ensures that higher-priority listeners are executed first. - The default priority is `0` if not specified.
Mengatasi Kaedah pancaran:
Kaedah emit mencetuskan acara dan melaksanakan pendengar. Dalam kaedah yang diganti, kami mula-mula memproses pendengar daripada _pendengar berdasarkan keutamaan mereka.
emit(event: string, ...args: any[]) { if (this._listeners[event]) { for (const { listener } of this._listeners[event]) { listener(...args); } } return super.emit(event, ...args); }
- For the given event, we iterate over the sorted listeners and call each listener. - After handling the custom priority-based logic, we call the parent class’s `emit` method to ensure the standard behavior is also preserved.
Mengatasi Kaedah removeListener:
Kaedah removeListener ditindih untuk memastikan pendengar dialih keluar dengan betul berdasarkan rujukan mereka. Memandangkan kami menyimpan pendengar bersama keutamaan mereka, kami menapis pendengar yang betul.
removeListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void) { if (this._listeners[event]) { this._listeners[event] = this._listeners[event].filter( (stored_listener) => stored_listener.listener !== listener ); } super.removeListener(event, listener); return this; }
- We filter the listener array to remove the listener with the exact reference. - Then we call `super.removeListener` to ensure proper cleanup and avoid memory leaks.
Berikut ialah contoh untuk menunjukkan cara PriorityEmitter berfungsi dalam amalan:
const pe = new PriorityEmitter(); // Listener with higher priority pe.on('greet', (name: string) => { console.log(`Hello ${name}!`); }, 2); // Listener with lower priority pe.on('greet', (name: string) => { console.log(`Hi, ${name}!`); }, 1); // Emitting the event pe.emit('greet', 'Alice');
Output:
npm i -d @types/node tsx typescript npx tsc --init
// tsconfig.json { "compilerOptions": { "target": "es2016", "module": "ES6", "moduleResolution": "nodenext", "allowImportingTsExtensions": true, "esModuleInterop": true, "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true, "strict": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "sourceMap": true, "outDir": "./dist", "types": ["node"] }, "include": ["src/**/*.ts"], "exclude": ["node_modules"] } // package.json { "name": "node-starter", "version": "0.0.0", "type": "module", // This should be set to "module" for using ES6 modules "scripts": { "test": "jest" }, "devDependencies": { "@types/jest": "^29.5.14", "jest": "^29.7.0", "typescript": "^5.7.2" }, "dependencies": { "@types/node": "^22.10.2", "tsx": "^4.19.2" } }
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