Rumah >hujung hadapan web >tutorial js >Mencipta Rangka Kerja Asas untuk Sudut 18
Sebelum ini, kami melihat pada mencipta dan menyediakan projek Angular baharu. Dalam artikel ini kita akan menganalisis struktur asas.
Izinkan saya mengingatkan anda bahawa siri ini ditumpukan kepada pembangunan aplikasi web untuk mencari tiket penerbangan dan hotel. Berdasarkan projek daripada Alfa Travel - travel.alfabank.ru
Tapak ini terdiri daripada blok berikut:
Ini membolehkan kami menyerlahkan bahagian utama:
Tukar AppComponent supaya ia hanya mengeluarkan routerOutlet.
import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core'; import { RouterOutlet } from '@angular/router'; @Component({ selector: 'baf-root', standalone: true, imports: [RouterOutlet], template: '<router-outlet/>', changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush, }) export class AppComponent {}
Padam fail yang tidak digunakan: app.component.spec.ts, app.component.scss dan app.component.html.
Tambah konfigurasi untuk versi penyemak imbas dalam app.config.browser.ts:
import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core'; import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations'; import { appConfig } from './app.config'; const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = { providers: [provideAnimations()], }; export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);
Dan importnya ke main.ts:
import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser'; import { AppComponent } from './app/app.component'; import { config } from './app/app.config.browser'; bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, config).catch((err) => console.error(err));
Untuk versi mudah alih kami perlu bekerja dengan sentuhan dan leret, jadi kami menggunakan hammerjs
Pasang kebergantungan:
yarn add -D hammerjs @types/hammerjs
Sambungkan animasi dan hammerjs dalam penyemak imbas:
import 'hammerjs'; import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core'; import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations'; import { appConfig } from './app.config'; const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = { providers: [provideAnimations()], }; export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);
Anda perlu menetapkan konfigurasi untuk hammerjs.
Buat folder teras baharu, di mana kami akan menyimpan segala-galanya yang merupakan bahagian penting projek.
mkdir src/app/core mkdir src/app/core/lib echo >src/app/core/index.ts mkdir src/app/core/lib/hammer echo >src/app/core/lib/hammer/hammer.ts
Dalam hammer.ts kami nyatakan konfigurasi:
import { EnvironmentProviders, importProvidersFrom, Injectable, Provider } from '@angular/core'; import { HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG, HammerGestureConfig, HammerModule } from '@angular/platform-browser'; @Injectable() export class HammerConfig extends HammerGestureConfig { override overrides = { swipe: { velocity: 0.4, threshold: 20 }, pinch: { enable: false }, rotate: { enable: false }, }; } export function provideHammer(): (Provider | EnvironmentProviders)[] { return [ importProvidersFrom(HammerModule), { provide: HAMMER_GESTURE_CONFIG, useClass: HammerConfig, }, ]; }
Eksport ke src/app/core/index.ts:
export * from './lib/hammer/hammer';
Untuk akses pantas, tambahkan alias pada tsconfig.json:
{ "compileOnSave": false, "compilerOptions": { "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc", "strict": true, "noImplicitOverride": true, "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true, "noImplicitReturns": true, "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true, "skipLibCheck": true, "esModuleInterop": true, "sourceMap": true, "declaration": false, "experimentalDecorators": true, "moduleResolution": "bundler", "importHelpers": true, "target": "ES2022", "module": "ES2022", "useDefineForClassFields": false, "lib": ["ES2022", "dom"], "baseUrl": ".", "paths": { "@baf/core": ["src/app/core/index.ts"] } }, "angularCompilerOptions": { "enableI18nLegacyMessageIdFormat": false, "strictInjectionParameters": true, "strictInputAccessModifiers": true, "strictTemplates": true } }
Perhatikan bahawa anda juga perlu menentukan baseUrl.
Sambung dalam versi penyemak imbas:
import { ApplicationConfig, mergeApplicationConfig } from '@angular/core'; import { provideAnimations } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations'; import { provideHammer } from '@baf/core'; import { appConfig } from './app.config'; const browserConfig: ApplicationConfig = { providers: [provideAnimations(), provideHammer()], }; export const config = mergeApplicationConfig(appConfig, browserConfig);
Reka letak adalah perkara biasa untuk keseluruhan aplikasi web. Mari tambah folder UI baharu di mana kita akan menyimpan komponen.
mkdir src/app/ui mkdir src/app/ui/layout/lib echo >src/app/ui/layout/index.ts
Jalankan arahan:
yarn ng g c layout
Alihkan kandungan ke src/app/ui/layout/lib.
Kami melihat bahawa segala-galanya dicipta tanpa atribut yang kami perlukan dan dengan fail ujian:
import { Component } from '@angular/core'; @Component({ selector: 'baf-layout', standalone: true, imports: [], templateUrl: './layout.component.html', styleUrl: './layout.component.scss' }) export class LayoutComponent {}
Dalam angular.json kami akan menentukan sifat:
{ "@schematics/angular:component": { "style": "scss", "changeDetection": "OnPush", "skipTests": true } }
Edit SusunaturKomponen:
import { ChangeDetectionStrategy, Component } from '@angular/core'; import { RouterOutlet } from '@angular/router'; @Component({ selector: 'baf-results', standalone: true, imports: [RouterOutlet], templateUrl: './layout.component.html', styleUrl: './layout.component.scss', changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush, }) export class LayoutComponent {}
Tambahkan pengepala, kandungan dan pengaki:
<router-outlet name="top" /> <header> <router-outlet name="header" /> </header> <main> <router-outlet name="main-top" /> <router-outlet /> <router-outlet name="main-bottom" /> </main> <footer> <router-outlet name="footer" /> </footer> <router-outlet name="bottom" />
Beberapa gaya:
:host { display: flex; min-height: 100vh; flex-direction: column; } header, footer { flex-shrink: 0; } main { flex-grow: 1; overflow-x: hidden; }
Eksport komponen ke src/app/ui/layout/index.ts:
export * from './lib/layout.component';
Dan tulis alias dalam tsconfig.json:
{ "paths": { "@baf/core": ["src/app/core/index.ts"], "@baf/ui/layout": ["src/app/ui/layout/index.ts"] } }
Sebelum memaparkan reka letak, anda perlu mengkonfigurasi gaya dalam aplikasi.
Untuk menetapkan semula penampilan lalai dalam penyemak imbas, hanya perkara berikut:
/* You can add global styles to this file, and also import other style files */ @use '@angular/cdk' as cdk; // Hack for global CDK dialogs styles @include cdk.overlay(); *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } html { -moz-text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; text-size-adjust: none; } blockquote { margin: 0; padding: 1rem; } h1 { margin-block-start: 1.45rem; margin-block-end: 1.45rem; } h2 { margin-block-start: 1.25rem; margin-block-end: 1.25rem; } h3 { margin-block-start: 1.175rem; margin-block-end: 1.175rem; } h4 { margin-block-start: 1.15rem; margin-block-end: 1.15rem; } figure { margin: 0; } p { margin-block-start: 1rem; margin-block-end: 1rem; } ul[role='list'], ol[role='list'] { list-style: none; } body { margin: 0; min-height: 100vh; line-height: 1.5; font-family: Arial, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; } h1, h2, h3, h4, button, input, label { line-height: 1.1; } h1, h2, h3, h4 { text-wrap: balance; } a:not([class]) { text-decoration-skip-ink: auto; color: currentColor; } img, picture { max-width: 100%; display: block; } input, button, textarea, select { font: inherit; } textarea:not([rows]) { min-height: 10rem; } :target { scroll-margin-block: 5ex; }
Tetapan semula akan diletakkan dalam styles.scss.
Edit index.html:
<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>BuyAndFly</title> <base href="/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <meta name="description" content="Example Angular 18 application for search for cheap flights and hotels." /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://photo.hotellook.com" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#172659" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#172659" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff" /> </head> <body> <baf-root></baf-root> </body> </html>
Tambahkan favicon yang dijana kepada umum, serta fail lain:
browserconfig.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <browserconfig> <msapplication> <tile> <square150x150logo src="/favicons/mstile-150x150.png"/> <TileColor>#172659</TileColor> </tile> </msapplication> </browserconfig>
site.webmanifest:
{ "name": "Buy & Fly", "short_name": "Buy & Fly", "icons": [ { "src": "/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png", "sizes": "192x192", "type": "image/png" }, { "src": "/favicons/android-chrome-512x512.png", "sizes": "512x512", "type": "image/png" } ], "theme_color": "#ffffff", "background_color": "#ffffff", "display": "standalone", "start_url": ".", "description": "Search for cheap flights and hotels.", "categories": ["travel", "education"], "screenshots": [ { "src": "screenshot.webp", "sizes": "1280x720", "type": "image/webp" } ] }
robots.txt:
User-agent: * Disallow: /api User-agent: Yandex Disallow: /api Clean-param: bonus&utm_source&utm_medium&utm_campaign&utm_term&utm_content&click_id&appstore&platform Host: https://buy-and-fly.fafn.ru Sitemap: https://buy-and-fly.fafn.ru/sitemap.xml
Pada akhirnya kami menggunakan reka letak dalam src/app/app.routes.ts:
import { Routes } from '@angular/router'; export const routes: Routes = [ { path: '', loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.LayoutComponent), children: [], }, ];
Lancarkan aplikasi:
yarn serve
Kita akan nampak skrin putih :)
Создадим шапку и подвал:
yarn ng g c header yarn ng g c footer
Перенесем в ui/layout и экспортируем:
export * from './lib/footer/footer.component'; export * from './lib/header/header.component'; export * from './lib/layout.component';
Подключим их в приложении:
import { Routes } from '@angular/router'; export const routes: Routes = [ { path: '', loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.LayoutComponent), children: [ { path: '', loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.HeaderComponent), outlet: 'header', }, { path: '', loadComponent: () => import('@baf/ui/layout').then((m) => m.FooterComponent), outlet: 'footer', }, ], }, ];
Запустим проект:
yarn serve
Видим созданные компоненты.
В следующей статье добавим core сервисы и интерфейсы.
Все исходники находятся на github, в репозитории - github.com/Fafnur/buy-and-fly
Демо можно посмотреть здесь - buy-and-fly.fafn.ru/
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