Rumah >Java >javaTutorial >Tatasusunan Dinamik di Jawa
Tatasusunan Dinamik dalam Java bermaksud sama ada diregangkan atau mengecilkan saiz tatasusunan bergantung pada keperluan pengguna. Semasa elemen dialih keluar daripada tatasusunan, saiz tatasusunan mesti dikecilkan dan jika sesuatu elemen ditambahkan pada tatasusunan, maka saiz tatasusunan menjadi regangan. Tatasusunan digunakan untuk menyimpan unsur homogen bermakna jenis unsur yang sama boleh disimpan pada satu masa.
Contoh: Kita boleh menyimpan nombor integer, nombor apungan, nombor berganda, rentetan, aksara, Objek, dsb. tetapi pada satu masa dan mana-mana jenis tertentu sahaja.
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Suatu tatasusunan boleh diisytiharkan dalam 3 cara:
1. Tatasusunan[]
Contoh:
int Array[]={1,2,4};
2. [] Tatasusunan
Contoh:
int[] Array ={1,2,4};
3. []A
Contoh:
int []Array ={1,2,4};
Elemen tatasusunan diulang dengan menggunakan:
Adakah terdapat cara alternatif lain untuk menjadikan tatasusunan menjadi dinamik?
Apakah kelebihan berbanding tatasusunan dinamik biasa kepada Senarai Tatasusunan koleksi?
Sintaks:
class DynamicArray { addingElements() { //custom logic } addingElementsAtIndex(int index, int element) { //custom logic } removingElements() { //custom logic } removingElementsAtIndex(int index, int element) { //custom logic } increasingSize() { //custom logic } decreasingSize() { //custom logic } printArrayElements() { //custom logic } . . . }
Sintaks:
class ArrayListLogic { List<Generic Type> list=new ArrayList<Generic Type>(); list.add(); list.remove(index,element); . . . }
Diberikan di bawah adalah contoh Tatasusunan Dinamik dalam Java:
Menambah elemen pada tatasusunan dan meningkatkan saiz serta kapasiti secara dinamik.
Kod:
package com.dynamicarray; import java.util.Arrays; public class DynamicArray { // declaring an array int myArray[]; // stores the present size of the array int sizeOfMyArray; // stores total capacity of an array int arrayCapacity; // initializing array, size and capacity public DynamicArray() { myArray = new int[2]; sizeOfMyArray = 0; arrayCapacity = 2; } // method for adding elements public void addElementsToArray(int element) { // makes the capacity double if all the array elements filled if (sizeOfMyArray == arrayCapacity) { increaseCapacity(2); } myArray[sizeOfMyArray] = element; sizeOfMyArray++; } // method for adding elements to specific position public void addElementAtPosition(int position, int value) { // makes the capacity double if all the array elements filled if (sizeOfMyArray == arrayCapacity) { increaseCapacity(2); } // shifting array elements for (int p = sizeOfMyArray - 1; p >= position; p--) { myArray[p + 1] = myArray[p]; } // adding the element at specific position myArray[position] = value; sizeOfMyArray++; } // method for getting the element from specific position public int getElementAtposition(int position) { return myArray[position]; } // method for increasing capacity if all the elements in an array filled public void increaseCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { int temp[] = new int[arrayCapacity * minimumCapacity]; for (int p = 0; p < arrayCapacity; p++) { temp[p] = myArray[p]; } myArray = temp; arrayCapacity = arrayCapacity * minimumCapacity; } // method for array current size public int displaySize() { return sizeOfMyArray; } // method for array total capacity public int displayCapacity() { return arrayCapacity; } // method for display all elements public void displayArrayElements() { System.out.println("elements in array are :" + Arrays.toString(myArray)); } public static void main(String[] args) { DynamicArray array = new DynamicArray(); System.out.println("==================================================================="); System.out.println("Inital array size " + array.displaySize() + " and initial capacity " + array.displayCapacity()); System.out.println("==================================================================="); // adding elements at index 0 and 1 array.addElementsToArray(10);//line 1 array.addElementsToArray(20);//line 2 System.out.println("Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.addElementsToArray(30); //line 3 System.out.println("Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); //line 4 // adding element at index 1 array.addElementAtPosition(1, 50); System.out.println("Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); // adding element at index 2 array.addElementAtPosition(2, 60); System.out.println("Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); } }
Output:
Penjelasan:
Kod:
package com.dynamicarray; import java.util.Arrays; public class DynamicArray { // declaring an array int myArray[]; // stores the present size of the array int sizeOfMyArray; // stores total capacity of an array int arrayCapacity; // initializing array, size and capacity public DynamicArray() { myArray = new int[2]; sizeOfMyArray = 0; arrayCapacity = 2; } // method for adding elements public void addElementsToArray(int element) { // makes the capacity double if all the array elements filled if (sizeOfMyArray == arrayCapacity) { increaseCapacity(2); } myArray[sizeOfMyArray] = element; sizeOfMyArray++; } // method for adding elements to specific position public void addElementAtPosition(int position, int value) { // makes the capacity double if all the array elements filled if (sizeOfMyArray == arrayCapacity) { increaseCapacity(2); } // shifting array elements for (int p = sizeOfMyArray - 1; p >= position; p--) { myArray[p + 1] = myArray[p]; } // adding the element at specific position myArray[position] = value; sizeOfMyArray++; } // method for getting the element from specific position public int getElementAtposition(int position) { return myArray[position]; } // method for removing elements public void removeAtPosition(int position) { if (position >= sizeOfMyArray || position < 0) { System.out.println("Opps!No elements found " + position + " position"); } else { for (int p = position; p < sizeOfMyArray - 1; p++) { myArray[p] = myArray[p + 1]; } myArray[sizeOfMyArray - 1] = 0; sizeOfMyArray--; } } // method for increasing capacity if all the elements in an array filled public void increaseCapacity(int minimumCapacity) { int temp[] = new int[arrayCapacity * minimumCapacity]; for (int p = 0; p < arrayCapacity; p++) { temp[p] = myArray[p]; } myArray = temp; arrayCapacity = arrayCapacity * minimumCapacity; } // method for make an array size to initial size public void makeInitialSize() { System.out.println("Making an array to initial size"); int temp[] = new int[sizeOfMyArray]; for (int q = 0; q < sizeOfMyArray; q++) { temp[q] = myArray[q]; } myArray = temp; arrayCapacity = myArray.length; } // method for array current size public int displaySize() { return sizeOfMyArray; } // method for array total capacity public int displayCapacity() { return arrayCapacity; } // method for display all elements public void displayArrayElements() { System.out.println("elements in array are :" + Arrays.toString(myArray)); } public static void main(String[] args) { DynamicArray array = new DynamicArray(); System.out.println("==================================================================="); System.out.println("Inital array size " + array.sizeOfMyArray + " and initial capacity " + array.arrayCapacity); System.out.println("==================================================================="); array.addElementsToArray(10); array.addElementsToArray(20); array.addElementsToArray(30); array.addElementsToArray(40); array.displayArrayElements(); array.removeAtPosition(2); System.out.println("Size after Remove Operation=>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.removeAtPosition(2); System.out.println("Size after Remove Operation=>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.removeAtPosition(1); System.out.println("Size after Remove Operation=>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.removeAtPosition(2); System.out.println("Size after Remove Operation =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.removeAtPosition(1); System.out.println("Size after Remove Operation =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); // Make the array to initial size array.makeInitialSize(); System.out.println(" After trimming Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.addElementsToArray(-5); System.out.println("After trimming Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); array.addElementsToArray(-6); System.out.println("After trimming Size of myArray =>" + array.displaySize() + " and Capacity :" + array.displayCapacity()); array.displayArrayElements(); } }
Output:
Susun atur dinamik dengan ArrayList.
Kod:
package com.dynamicarray; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class ArrayListDynamic { public static void main(String[] args) { List<Integer> list=new ArrayList<Integer>(); list.add(10); list.add(20); list.add(30); list.add(40); System.out.println("Adding the elements ArrayList =>"+list); System.out.println("Adding the elements ArrayList size =>"+list.size()); /*Array List capacity formula newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3/2) + 1*/ list.add(4, 50); System.out.println("After adding the element at specific index =>"+list+" and size "+list.size()); list.remove(4); list.remove(3); System.out.println("After removing the elements =>"+list+" and size "+list.size()); } }
Output:
Dalam tatasusunan dinamik biasa, pembangun pelaksanaan mesti menulis logik tersuai, manakala, dalam ArrayList koleksi, semua kaedah yang dipratentukan tersedia, jadi tidak perlu menulis logik tersuai.
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