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Menguasai PHP dan MySQL: Panduan Lengkap untuk Pembangun Moden ?
PHP dan MySQL membentuk tulang belakang kepada banyak tapak web dan aplikasi web dinamik. Panduan komprehensif ini merangkumi konsep lanjutan, amalan terbaik dan alatan moden untuk membantu pembangun memanfaatkan potensi penuh teknologi ini. Selami PHP dan MySQL dengan maklumat terperinci dan petua praktikal.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) ialah bahasa skrip sebelah pelayan yang disesuaikan untuk pembangunan web. MySQL ialah sistem pengurusan pangkalan data hubungan sumber terbuka yang digunakan secara meluas. Bersama-sama, mereka menawarkan rangka kerja yang teguh untuk membina aplikasi web interaktif dan boleh skala.
// JIT configuration (conceptual, in php.ini) opcache.enable = 1 opcache.jit = 1255
#[Route('/api', methods: ['GET'])] public function apiMethod() { /*...*/ }
class User { public function __construct( public string $name, public int $age, public string $email ) {} }
$result = match ($input) { 1 => 'One', 2 => 'Two', default => 'Other', };
class User { public function __construct( public readonly string $email ) {} }
; Enable OPcache in php.ini opcache.enable=1 opcache.memory_consumption=256 opcache.interned_strings_buffer=16 opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000 opcache.revalidate_freq=2
// Xdebug profiling (conceptual) xdebug_start_profiler(); // Code to profile xdebug_stop_profiler();
require 'vendor/autoload.php'; use React\EventLoop\Factory; $loop = Factory::create();
$email = filter_var($_POST['email'], FILTER_SANITIZE_EMAIL); if (!filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) { throw new Exception("Invalid email format"); }
$stmt = $pdo->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = :email"); $stmt->execute(['email' => $email]);
session_start([ 'cookie_secure' => true, 'cookie_httponly' => true, 'cookie_samesite' => 'Strict' ]);
header("Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'");
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = 'shipped';
CREATE INDEX idx_status ON orders(status);
CREATE TABLE orders_2024 LIKE orders; ALTER TABLE orders PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(order_date)) ( PARTITION p2024 VALUES LESS THAN (2025), PARTITION p2025 VALUES LESS THAN (2026) );
-- Configure replication (conceptual) CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master_host', MASTER_USER='replica_user', MASTER_PASSWORD='password';
-- Example of encrypting data CREATE TABLE secure_data ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, encrypted_column VARBINARY(255) );
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON my_database.* TO 'user'@'host';
mysqldump -u root -p my_database > backup.sql
class UserDTO { public string $name; public int $age; public string $email; }
try { $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass); } catch (PDOException $e) { echo "Database error: " . $e->getMessage(); }
header('Content-Type: application/json'); echo json_encode(['status' => 'success', 'data' => $data]);
// GraphQL query example (conceptual) query { user(id: 1) { name email } }
// RabbitMQ example (conceptual) $channel->basic_publish($message, 'exchange', 'routing_key');
Laravel: Rangka kerja PHP yang berkuasa dengan ciri terbina dalam seperti penghalaan, ORM (Fasih) dan perisian tengah.
Symfony: Menawarkan komponen boleh guna semula dan rangka kerja yang fleksibel untuk aplikasi yang kompleks.
Komposer: Pengurus pergantungan PHP yang memudahkan pengurusan perpustakaan.
composer require vendor/package
phpunit --configuration phpunit.xml
// Example entity (conceptual) /** @Entity */ class User { /** @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(type="integer") */ public int $id; /** @Column(type="string") */ public string $name; }
FROM php:8.1-fpm RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql
# GitHub Actions example name: CI on: [push] jobs: build: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - name: Checkout code uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: Set up PHP uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2 with: php-version: '8.1' - name: Run tests run: phpunit
# Example command for setting up New Relic (conceptual) newrelic-admin run-program php myscript.php
MySQL databases.
MySQL Workbench: Comprehensive GUI for database design and management.
Adminer: Lightweight alternative to phpMyAdmin for database management.
Official Documentation: Refer to PHP Documentation and MySQL Documentation.
Online Courses: Platforms like Udemy, Coursera, and Pluralsight offer in-depth PHP and MySQL courses.
Community Forums: Engage with communities on Stack Overflow and Reddit.
Books and Guides: Explore comprehensive books like "PHP Objects, Patterns, and Practice" and "MySQL Cookbook" for advanced insights.
Mastering PHP and MySQL involves not only understanding core concepts but also embracing advanced features and modern tools. This guide provides a solid foundation to elevate your PHP and MySQL skills, ensuring you can develop high-performance, secure, and scalable web applications.
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