Rumah > Artikel > pangkalan data > Mysql 高负载排查思路
发现问题 top命令 查看服务器负载,发现 mysql竟然 百分之两百的cpu ,引起Mysql 负载这么高的原因,估计是 索引问题和某些变态SQL语句. 排查思路 1. 确定高负载的类型,top命令看 负载高是CPU还是IO 。 2. mysql 下执行 查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句 。 3.
发现问题
top命令 查看服务器负载,发现 mysql竟然百分之两百的cpu,引起Mysql 负载这么高的原因,估计是索引问题和某些变态SQL语句.
排查思路
1. 确定高负载的类型,top命令看负载高是CPU还是IO。
2. mysql 下执行查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句。
3. 检查慢查询日志,可能是慢查询引起负载高。
4. 检查硬件问题,是否磁盘故障问题造成的。
5. 检查监控平台,对比此机器不同时间的负载。
确定负载类型(top)
<ol> <li><span><span>top - 10:14:18 up 23 days, 11:01, 1 user, </span><span>load average: 124.17, 55.88, 24.70 </span></span></li> <li><span>Tasks: 138 total, 1 running, 137 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie </span></li> <li><span>Cpu(s): 2.4%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 95.2%id, 2.0%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st </span></li> <li><span>Mem: 3090528k total, 2965772k used, 124756k free, 93332k buffers </span></li> <li><span>Swap: 4192956k total, 2425132k used, 1767824k free, 756524k cached </span></li> <li><span> </span></li> <li><span>PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND </span></li> <li><span>30833 mysql 15 0 6250m 2.5g 4076 S <span>257.1</span> 49.9 529:34.45 mysqld </span></li> </ol>
查看当前的连接数与执行的sql 语句
<ol> <li><span>show processlist; </span></li> <li><span>Id User Host db Command Time State Info </span></li> <li><span>192 slave 8.8.8.142:39820 NULL Binlog Dump 58982 Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated NULL </span></li> <li><span>194 slave 8.8.8.120:41075 NULL Binlog Dump 58982 Has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated NULL </span></li> <li><span>424891 biotherm 8.8.8.46:57861 biotherm Query 493 Sending data SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span> AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span> ORDER BY id </span></span></li> <li><span>DESC LIMIT 0, 4 </span></li> <li><span>424917 biotherm 8.8.8.49:50984 biotherm Query 488 Sending data SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span> AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span> ORDER BY id </span></span></li> <li><span>DESC LIMIT 0, 4 </span></li> <li><span>.............................................. </span></li> <li><span>430330 biotherm 8.8.8.42:35982 biotherm Query 487 Sending data SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'1112'</span><span> AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span> </span></span></li> </ol>
记录慢查询
编辑Mysql 配置文件(my.cnf),在[mysqld]字段添加以下几行:
<ol> <li><span><span>log_slow_queries</span><span> = /usr/local/mysql/var/slow_queries.log #慢查询日志路径 </span></span></li> <li><span><span>long_query_time</span><span> = </span><span>10</span><span> #记录SQL查询超过10s的语句 </span></span></li> <li><span><span>log-queries-not-using-indexes</span><span> = </span><span>1</span><span> #记录没有使用索引的sql </span></span></li> </ol>
查看慢查询日志
<ol> <li><span>tail /usr/local/mysql/var/slow_queries.log </span></li> <li><span># Time: 130305 9:48:13 </span></li> <li><span># User@Host: biotherm[biotherm] @ [8.8.8.45] </span></li> <li><span># Query_time: 1294.881407 Lock_time: 0.000179 Rows_sent: 4 Rows_examined: 1318033 </span></li> <li><span>SET <span>timestamp</span><span>=</span><span>1363916893</span><span>; </span></span></li> <li><span>SELECT * FROM xxx_list WHERE <span>tid</span><span> = </span><span>'11xx'</span><span> AND </span><span>del</span><span> = </span><span>0</span><span> ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 0, 4; </span></span></li> </ol>
4个参数
Query_time: 0 Lock_time: 0 Rows_sent: 1 Rows_examined: 54
分别意思为:查询时间 锁定时间 查询结果行数 扫描行数,主要看扫描行数多的语句,然后去数据库加上对应的索引,再优化下变态的sql 语句。
极端情况kill sql进程
<ol> <li><span>找出占用cpu时间过长的sql,在mysql 下执行如下命令: </span></li> <li><span>show processlist; </span></li> <li><span>确定后一条sql处于Query状态,且Time时间过长,锁定它的ID,执行如下命令: </span></li> <li><span>kill QUERY 269815764; </span></li> </ol>
注意:杀死 sql进程,可能导致数据丢失,所以执行前要衡量数据的重要性。