Go 언어로 파일을 복사하는 몇 가지 일반적인 방법

이 기사에서는 Go 언어에서 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 세 가지 방법을 소개합니다. 이 세 가지 방법에는 각각의 장단점이 있으며, 우리는 응용 프로그램에서 가장 적합한 방법만 선택하면 됩니다. 맹목적으로 성과를 추구하는 것.

방법 1

첫 번째 방법은 표준 Go 라이브러리의 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;배경-이미지: 초기;배경-위치: 초기;배경-크기: 초기;배경-반복: 초기;배경-부착 : 초기;배경-원산지: 초기;배경-클립: 초기;디스플레이: 인라인 블록;패딩-오른쪽: 2px;패딩-왼쪽: 2px;글꼴-크기: 14px;">io<code style="box-sizing: border-box;background: rgb(243, 241, 241);color: rgb(88, 88, 88);line-height: 18px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">io</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">Copy</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">()</span>.

복사🎜()🎜 함수. 다음은 io.Copy()를 사용하여 구현된 파일을 복사하기 위한 코드 조각입니다. 🎜

func copy(src, dst string) (int64, error) {
        sourceFileStat, err := os.Stat(src)
        if err != nil {
                return 0, err
        }

        if !sourceFileStat.Mode().IsRegular() {
                return 0, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a regular file", src)
        }

        source, err := os.Open(src)
        if err != nil {
                return 0, err
        }
        defer source.Close()

        destination, err := os.Create(dst)
        if err != nil {
                return 0, err
        }
        defer destination.Close()
        nBytes, err := io.Copy(destination, source)
        return nBytes, err
}

방법 2

두 번째 방법은 ioutil 패키지에서 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">ioutil</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">WriteFile</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">()</span>和 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">ioutil</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">ReadFile</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">()</span>를 사용하는 방법인데, 파일을 한 번 읽고 파일을 한꺼번에 쓰는 방식을 사용하기 때문에 이 방법은 대용량 파일에는 적합하지 않고 메모리 소모가 쉽다. 과다.

 input, err := ioutil.ReadFile(sourceFile)
        if err != nil {
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
        }

        err = ioutil.WriteFile(destinationFile, input, 0644)
        if err != nil {
                fmt.Println("Error creating", destinationFile)
                fmt.Println(err)
                return
        }

方法三

最后是使用os包中的 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">os</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">Read</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">()</span> 和 <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">os</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">Write</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">()</span>，此方法是按块读取文件，块的大小也会影响到程序的性能。

  buf := make([]byte, BUFFERSIZE)
        for {
                n, err := source.Read(buf)
                if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
                        return err
                }
                if n == 0 {
                        break
                }

                if _, err := destination.Write(buf[:n]); err != nil {
                        return err
                }
        }

性能

这三种方式都能很方便的实现拷贝文件功能，那他们的性能如何呢，下面我们来尝试对比一下。三种方式都来拷贝同一个500M的文件，

以下是拷贝文件的时间明细（ <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">cp1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">go</span>是第一种方式， <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">cp2</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">go</span>是第二种方式， <span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">cp3</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;background-image: initial;background-position: initial;background-size: initial;background-repeat: initial;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;display: inline-block;padding-right: 2px;padding-left: 2px;font-size: 14px;">go</span>是第三种方式）

$ ls -l INPUT
-rw-r--r--  1 mtsouk  staff  512000000 Jun  5 09:39 INPUT
$ time go run cp1.go INPUT /tmp/cp1
Copied 512000000 bytes!

real    0m0.980s
user    0m0.219s
sys     0m0.719s
$ time go run cp2.go INPUT /tmp/cp2

real    0m1.139s
user    0m0.196s
sys     0m0.654s
$ time go run cp3.go INPUT /tmp/cp3 1000000
Copying INPUT to /tmp/cp3

real    0m1.025s
user    0m0.195s
sys     0m0.486s

从以上数据来看3种方式的性能非常接近，但依然可以看出Go的io标准包的性能更优。

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