SpringBoot에서 WEB의 시작 프로세스는 무엇입니까?

누구나 springboot의 편리함을 경험했을 것입니다. 과거에는 웹 프로젝트를 실행하려면 먼저 프로젝트를 war 패키지로 패키징한 다음 Tomcat을 실행하여 프로젝트를 시작해야 했습니다. springboot, jar 패키지를 시작하는 것처럼 간단하게 시작할 수 있습니다. 웹 프로젝트, 오늘은 springboot를 사용하여 웹 프로젝트를 시작하는 전체 과정을 분석해 보겠습니다.

이전 규칙에서는 spring.factories 파일부터 시작합니다.

spring-boot-starter-web에는 spring.factories 파일이 없습니다

따라서 spring-boot-autoconfigure의 spring.factories 파일에서 시작할 수 있습니다

1. DispatcherServlet 등록

1.1 IOC 컨테이너에 DispatcherServlet 삽입

DispatcherServlet은 DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration을 통해 등록

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {

	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServlet";

	public static final String DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME = "dispatcherServletRegistration";

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties({ HttpProperties.class, WebMvcProperties.class })
	protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {

		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(HttpProperties httpProperties, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
			DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
			dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
			dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
			dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(httpProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
			return dispatcherServlet;
		}

		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
		public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
			// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
			return resolver;
		}

	}

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
	@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
	@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
	protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {

		@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
		@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
		public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
				WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {
			DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
					webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());
			registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); 
			multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
			return registration;
		}

	}

	@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10)
	private static class DefaultDispatcherServletCondition extends SpringBootCondition {

		@Override
		public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
			ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage.forCondition("Default DispatcherServlet");
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
			List<String> dispatchServletBeans = Arrays
					.asList(beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DispatcherServlet.class, false, false));
			if (dispatchServletBeans.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome
						.noMatch(message.found("dispatcher servlet bean").items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (beanFactory.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(
						message.found("non dispatcher servlet bean").items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (dispatchServletBeans.isEmpty()) {
				return ConditionOutcome.match(message.didNotFind("dispatcher servlet beans").atAll());
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match(message.found("dispatcher servlet bean", "dispatcher servlet beans")
					.items(Style.QUOTE, dispatchServletBeans)
					.append("and none is named " + DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
		}

	}

	@Order(Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE - 10)
	private static class DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition extends SpringBootCondition {

		@Override
		public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = context.getBeanFactory();
			ConditionOutcome outcome = checkDefaultDispatcherName(beanFactory);
			if (!outcome.isMatch()) {
				return outcome;
			}
			return checkServletRegistration(beanFactory);
		}

		private ConditionOutcome checkDefaultDispatcherName(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
			List<String> servlets = Arrays
					.asList(beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(DispatcherServlet.class, false, false));
			boolean containsDispatcherBean = beanFactory.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
			if (containsDispatcherBean && !servlets.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(
						startMessage().found("non dispatcher servlet").items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match();
		}

		private ConditionOutcome checkServletRegistration(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
			ConditionMessage.Builder message = startMessage();
			List<String> registrations = Arrays
					.asList(beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(ServletRegistrationBean.class, false, false));
			boolean containsDispatcherRegistrationBean = beanFactory
					.containsBean(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME);
			if (registrations.isEmpty()) {
				if (containsDispatcherRegistrationBean) {
					return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.found("non servlet registration bean")
							.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
				}
				return ConditionOutcome.match(message.didNotFind("servlet registration bean").atAll());
			}
			if (registrations.contains(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.found("servlet registration bean")
						.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			if (containsDispatcherRegistrationBean) {
				return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(message.found("non servlet registration bean")
						.items(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
			}
			return ConditionOutcome.match(message.found("servlet registration beans").items(Style.QUOTE, registrations)
					.append("and none is named " + DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME));
		}

		private ConditionMessage.Builder startMessage() {
			return ConditionMessage.forCondition("DispatcherServlet Registration");
		}

	}

}

이것이 SpringBoot의 IOC 컨테이너와 WEB 컨테이너가 동일한 이유이기도 합니다

Spring이 DispatcherServlet을 컨테이너에 넣은 후에는 DispatcherServlet ApplicationContextAwareProcessor의 postProcessBeforeInitialization 메서드 초기화 중에 실행되며 해당 postProcessBeforeInitialization 하단 레이어는 다음과 같습니다

private void invokeAwareInterfaces(Object bean) {
		if (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware) {
			((EnvironmentAware) bean).setEnvironment(this.applicationContext.getEnvironment());
		}
		if (bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware) {
			((EmbeddedValueResolverAware) bean).setEmbeddedValueResolver(this.embeddedValueResolver);
		}
		if (bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
			((ResourceLoaderAware) bean).setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);
		}
		if (bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {
			((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) bean).setApplicationEventPublisher(this.applicationContext);
		}
		if (bean instanceof MessageSourceAware) {
			((MessageSourceAware) bean).setMessageSource(this.applicationContext);
		}
		if (bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {
			((ApplicationContextAware) bean).setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);
		}
	}

그리고 DispatcherServlet은 ApplicationContextAware이므로 웹 컨테이너 시작 프로세스 중에 setApplicationContext 메서드를 실행하고 webApplicationContext 속성을 설정합니다

@Override
	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
	   //传入ioc容器
		if (this.webApplicationContext == null && applicationContext instanceof WebApplicationContext) {
			this.webApplicationContext = (WebApplicationContext) applicationContext;
			this.webApplicationContextInjected = true;
		}
	}

웹 컨테이너는 ioc 컨테이너와 동일하게 설정됩니다. springMVC 컨테이너 생성 코드는 다음과 같습니다. springMVC 전체 주석이 달린 시작 및 컨테이너 초기화

protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
		WebApplicationContext rootContext =
				WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
		WebApplicationContext wac = null;
        //因为webApplicationContext这里有值了，所以会进入这里
		if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
	        //把web容器设置成和ioc容器一样
			wac = this.webApplicationContext;
			if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
				ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
				if (!cwac.isActive()) {
					if (cwac.getParent() == null) 
						cwac.setParent(rootContext);
					}
					configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
				}
			}
		}
		if (wac == null) {
			wac = findWebApplicationContext();
			wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
		if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
			synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
				onRefresh(wac);
		if (this.publishContext) {
			String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
			getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
		return wac;
	}

누군가 여기에서 왜 springMVC 환경에서 이것이 필요한지 묻습니다. .webApplicationContext는 null입니다. 왜냐하면 springMVC에서는 DispatcherServlet이 스프링 컨테이너에 의해 관리되지 않기 때문입니다

protected void registerDispatcherServlet(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String servletName = getServletName();
		Assert.hasLength(servletName, "getServletName() must not return null or empty");
        //创建web容器
		WebApplicationContext servletAppContext = createServletApplicationContext();
		Assert.notNull(servletAppContext, "createServletApplicationContext() must not return null");
        //创建DispatcherServlet对象
		FrameworkServlet dispatcherServlet = createDispatcherServlet(servletAppContext);
		Assert.notNull(dispatcherServlet, "createDispatcherServlet(WebApplicationContext) must not return null");
		dispatcherServlet.setContextInitializers(getServletApplicationContextInitializers());
        //把dispatcherServlet作为Servlet注册到上下文中
		ServletRegistration.Dynamic registration = servletContext.addServlet(servletName, dispatcherServlet);
		if (registration == null) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to register servlet with name '" + servletName + "'. " +
					"Check if there is another servlet registered under the same name.");
		}
        //容器在启动的时候加载这个servlet，其优先级为1（正数的值越小，该servlet的优先级越高，应用启动时就越先加载）
		registration.setLoadOnStartup(1);
		//设置Servlet映射mapping路径
		//getServletMappings()是模版方法，需要我们自己配置
		registration.addMapping(getServletMappings());
		//设置是否支持异步请求
		//isAsyncSupported默认是true
		registration.setAsyncSupported(isAsyncSupported());
        //处理自定义的Filter进来，一般我们Filter不这么加进来，而是自己@WebFilter，或者借助Spring，  
        //备注：这里添加进来的Filter都仅仅只拦截过滤上面注册的dispatchServlet
		Filter[] filters = getServletFilters();
		if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(filters)) {
			for (Filter filter : filters) {
				registerServletFilter(servletContext, filter);
			}
		}
		//这个很清楚：调用者若相对dispatcherServlet有自己更个性化的参数设置，复写此方法即可
		customizeRegistration(registration);
	}

1.2 DispatcherServlet을 서블릿 컨테이너에 삽입합니다.

SpringBoot의 컨테이너는 AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext이고 onRefresh() 메서드는 다음과 같습니다

@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
	super.onRefresh();
	try {
		createWebServer(); //创建Servlet容器
	}
	catch (Throwable ex) {
		throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
	}
}

private void createWebServer() {
		WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
		ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
		if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
			ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory(); 
			this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());//创建容器，并执行所有ServletContextInitializer的onStartup
		}
		else if (servletContext != null) {
			try {
				getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
			}
			catch (ServletException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
			}
		}
		initPropertySources();
	}

참고하세요 여기서는 SpringServletContainerInitializer를 실행하지 않습니다.

프로세스는 다음과 같습니다
1. getSelfInitializer() 메서드를 통해 컨테이너의 모든 ServletContextInitializer를 실행합니다

private org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
	return this::selfInitialize;
}
private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
	prepareWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
	registerApplicationScope(servletContext);
	WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(getBeanFactory(), servletContext);
	for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
		beans.onStartup(servletContext);
	}
}

ServletContextInitializer에는 addRegistration 메서드

@Override
protected ServletRegistration.Dynamic addRegistration(String description, ServletContext servletContext) {
	String name = getServletName();
	return servletContext.addServlet(name, this.servlet);
}

를 통해 서블릿 컨테이너에 주입되는 ServletRegistrationBean 하위 클래스가 있습니다.

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