Python으로 간단한 채팅 프로그램 작성 튜토리얼

구현 아이디어

x01 서버 구축

우선, 서버 측에서 소켓은 메시지를 수락하는 데 사용됩니다. 소켓 요청이 수락될 때마다 새 스레드가 열려 메시지의 배포 및 수락을 관리합니다. 동시에 채팅방의 다양한 기능을 처리하기 위해 모든 스레드를 관리하는 핸들러가 있습니다

x02 클라이언트 설정

클라이언트 설정은 서버보다 훨씬 간단합니다. 클라이언트는 메시지를 보내고 특정 규칙에 따라 특정 문자를 입력하면 됩니다. 따라서 클라이언트 측에서는 두 개의 스레드만 사용하면 됩니다. 하나는 메시지 수신 전용입니다. other는 전송 전용입니다.

우리가 하나를 사용하지 않는 이유는 하나만 사용하면 메시지가 수신될 때 메시지를 받는 사람이 메시지를 보내기 전에 차단된 상태가 되기 때문입니다. 메시지 보내기도 마찬가지이므로 이 두 기능을 한 곳에 구현하면 계속 메시지를 주고받을 방법이 없게 됩니다

구현 방법

서버측 구현

import json
import threading
from socket import *
from time import ctime


class PyChattingServer:
    __socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
    __address = ('', 12231)

    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self):
        self.__socket.bind(self.__address)
        self.__socket.listen(20)
        self.__msg_handler = ChattingHandler()

    def start_session(self):
        print('等待客户连接...\r\n')
        try:
            while True:
                cs, caddr = self.__socket.accept()
                # 利用handler来管理线程,实现线程之间的socket的相互通信
                self.__msg_handler.start_thread(cs, caddr)
        except socket.error:
            pass


class ChattingThread(threading.Thread):
    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self, cs, caddr, msg_handler):
        super(ChattingThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs
        self.__caddr = caddr
        self.__msg_handler = msg_handler

    # 使用多线程管理会话
    def run(self):
        try:
            print('...连接来自于:', self.__caddr)
            data = '欢迎你到来PY_CHATTING！请输入你的很cooooool的昵称(不能带有空格哟`)\r\n'
            self.__cs.sendall(bytes(data, 'utf-8'))
            while True:
                data = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
                if not data:
                    break
                self.__msg_handler.handle_msg(data, self.__cs)
                print(data)
        except socket.error as e:
            print(e.args)
            pass
        finally:
            self.__msg_handler.close_conn(self.__cs)
            self.__cs.close()


class ChattingHandler:
    __help_str = "[ SYSTEM ]\r\n" \
                 "输入/ls,即可获得所有登陆用户信息\r\n" \
                 "输入/h,即可获得帮助\r\n" \
                 "输入@用户名 (注意用户名后面的空格)+消息,即可发动单聊\r\n" \
                 "输入/i,即可屏蔽群聊信息\r\n" \
                 "再次输入/i,即可取消屏蔽\r\n" \
                 "所有首字符为/的信息都不会发送出去"

    __buf = 1024
    __socket_list = []

    __user_name_to_socket = {}
    __socket_to_user_name = {}

    __user_name_to_broadcast_state = {}

    def start_thread(self, cs, caddr):
        self.__socket_list.append(cs)
        chat_thread = ChattingThread(cs, caddr, self)
        chat_thread.start()

    def close_conn(self, cs):
        if cs not in self.__socket_list:
            return
        # 去除socket的记录
        nickname = "SOMEONE"
        if cs in self.__socket_list:
            self.__socket_list.remove(cs)
        # 去除socket与username之间的映射关系
        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            nickname = self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]
            self.__user_name_to_socket.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
            self.__socket_to_user_name.pop(cs)
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(nickname)
        nickname += " "
        # 广播某玩家退出聊天室
        self.broadcast_system_msg(nickname + "离开了PY_CHATTING")

    # 管理用户输入的信息
    def handle_msg(self, msg, cs):
        js = json.loads(msg)
        if js['type'] == "login":
            if js['msg'] not in self.__user_name_to_socket:
                if ' ' in js['msg']:
                    self.send_to(json.dumps({
                        'type': 'login',
                        'success': False,
                        'msg': '账号不能够带有空格'
                    }), cs)
                else:
                    self.__user_name_to_socket[js['msg']] = cs
                    self.__socket_to_user_name[cs] = js['msg']
                    self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[js['msg']] = True
                    self.send_to(json.dumps({
                        'type': 'login',
                        'success': True,
                        'msg': '昵称建立成功,输入/ls可查看所有在线的人,输入/help可以查看帮助(所有首字符为/的消息都不会发送)'
                    }), cs)
                    # 广播其他人,他已经进入聊天室
                    self.broadcast_system_msg(js['msg'] + "已经进入了聊天室")
            else:
                self.send_to(json.dumps({
                    'type': 'login',
                    'success': False,
                    'msg': '账号已存在'
                }), cs)
        # 若玩家处于屏蔽模式,则无法发送群聊消息
        elif js['type'] == "broadcast":
            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
                self.broadcast(js['msg'], cs)
            else:
                self.send_to(json.dumps({
                    'type': 'broadcast',
                    'msg': '屏蔽模式下无法发送群聊信息'
                }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "ls":
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'ls',
                'msg': self.get_all_login_user_info()
            }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "help":
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'help',
                'msg': self.__help_str
            }), cs)
        elif js['type'] == "sendto":
            self.single_chatting(cs, js['nickname'], js['msg'])
        elif js['type'] == "ignore":
            self.exchange_ignore_state(cs)

    def exchange_ignore_state(self, cs):
        if cs in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            state = self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]
            if state:
                state = False
            else:
                state = True
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state.pop(self.__socket_to_user_name[cs])
            self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]] = state
            if self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[cs]]:
                msg = "通常模式"
            else:
                msg = "屏蔽模式"
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'ignore',
                'success': True,
                'msg': '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), "模式切换成功,现在是" + msg)
            }), cs)
        else:
            self.send_to({
                'type': 'ignore',
                'success': False,
                'msg': '切换失败'
            }, cs)

    def single_chatting(self, cs, nickname, msg):
        if nickname in self.__user_name_to_socket:
            msg = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ %s CHATTING TO %s ] : %s\r\n' % (
                ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], nickname, msg)
            self.send_to_list(json.dumps({
                'type': 'single',
                'msg': msg
            }), self.__user_name_to_socket[nickname], cs)
        else:
            self.send_to(json.dumps({
                'type': 'single',
                'msg': '该用户不存在'
            }), cs)
        print(nickname)

    def send_to_list(self, msg, *cs):
        for i in range(len(cs)):
            self.send_to(msg, cs[i])

    def get_all_login_user_info(self):
        login_list = "[ SYSTEM ] ALIVE USER : \r\n"
        for key in self.__socket_to_user_name:
            login_list += self.__socket_to_user_name[key] + ",\r\n"
        return login_list

    def send_to(self, msg, cs):
        if cs not in self.__socket_list:
            self.__socket_list.append(cs)
        cs.sendall(bytes(msg, 'utf-8'))

    def broadcast_system_msg(self, msg):
        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[ SYSTEM ] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), msg)
        js = json.dumps({
            'type': 'system_msg',
            'msg': data
        })
        # 屏蔽了群聊的玩家也可以获得系统的群发信息
        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name:
                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))

    def broadcast(self, msg, cs):
        data = '[TIME : %s]\r\n[%s] : %s\r\n' % (ctime(), self.__socket_to_user_name[cs], msg)
        js = json.dumps({
            'type': 'broadcast',
            'msg': data
        })
        # 没有的登陆的玩家无法得知消息,屏蔽了群聊的玩家也没办法获取信息
        for i in range(len(self.__socket_list)):
            if self.__socket_list[i] in self.__socket_to_user_name \
                    and self.__user_name_to_broadcast_state[self.__socket_to_user_name[self.__socket_list[i]]]:
                self.__socket_list[i].sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))


def main():
    server = PyChattingServer()
    server.start_session()


main()

클라이언트측 구현

import json
import threading
from socket import *

is_login = False
is_broadcast = True


class ClientReceiveThread(threading.Thread):
    __buf = 1024

    def __init__(self, cs):
        super(ClientReceiveThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs

    def run(self):
        self.receive_msg()

    def receive_msg(self):
        while True:
            msg = self.__cs.recv(self.__buf).decode('utf-8')
            if not msg:
                break
            js = json.loads(msg)
            if js['type'] == "login":
                if js['success']:
                    global is_login
                    is_login = True
                print(js['msg'])
            elif js['type'] == "ignore":
                if js['success']:
                    global is_broadcast
                    if is_broadcast:
                        is_broadcast = False
                    else:
                        is_broadcast = True
                print(js['msg'])
            else:
                if not is_broadcast:
                    print("[现在处于屏蔽模式]")
                print(js['msg'])


class ClientSendMsgThread(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, cs):
        super(ClientSendMsgThread, self).__init__()
        self.__cs = cs

    def run(self):
        self.send_msg()

    # 根据不同的输入格式来进行不同的聊天方式
    def send_msg(self):
        while True:
            js = None
            msg = input()
            if not is_login:
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'login',
                    'msg': msg
                })
            elif msg[0] == "@":
                data = msg.split(' ')
                if not data:
                    print("请重新输入")
                    break
                nickname = data[0]
                nickname = nickname.strip("@")
                if len(data) == 1:
                    data.append(" ")
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'sendto',
                    'nickname': nickname,
                    'msg': data[1]
                })
            elif msg == "/help":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'help',
                    'msg': None
                })
            elif msg == "/ls":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'ls',
                    'msg': None
                })
            elif msg == "/i":
                js = json.dumps({
                    'type': 'ignore',
                    'msg': None
                })
            else:
                if msg[0] != '/':
                    js = json.dumps({
                        'type': 'broadcast',
                        'msg': msg
                    })
            if js is not None:
                self.__cs.sendall(bytes(js, 'utf-8'))


def main():
    buf = 1024
    # 改变这个的地址,变成服务器的地址,那么只要部署到服务器上就可以全网使用了
    address = ("127.0.0.1", 12231)
    cs = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)
    cs.connect(address)
    data = cs.recv(buf).decode("utf-8")
    if data:
        print(data)
    receive_thread = ClientReceiveThread(cs)
    receive_thread.start()
    send_thread = ClientSendMsgThread(cs)
    send_thread.start()
    while True:
        pass


main()

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