python3+PyQt5는 데이터베이스 테이블 뷰를 사용합니다.
- 不言원래의
- 2018-04-24 11:49:413113검색
이 글에서는 주로 python3+PyQt5에서 데이터베이스 테이블 뷰를 사용하는 방법을 자세하게 소개하고 있습니다. 참고할만한 가치가 있으니 관심 있는 친구들이 참고해보세요
위에서 언급한 것처럼 이 폼은 동일한 레코드의 모든 데이터를 한 번에 표시할 수 있습니다. 각 필드이지만 사용자가 여러 레코드를 보려는 테이블의 경우 테이블 형식 보기를 사용해야 합니다. 이 글에서는 python3+pyqt5 재작성을 통해 python Qt gui를 빠르게 15개 장으로 바꾸는 예제를 구현하고, 사용자는 한 번에 여러 레코드를 볼 수 있습니다.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import (PYQT_VERSION_STR, QDate, QFile, QRegExp, QVariant, QModelIndex,Qt)
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication,QComboBox,
QDateTimeEdit, QDialog, QGridLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel,
QLineEdit, QDateEdit,QMessageBox, QPushButton,
QStyleOptionViewItem, QTableView,QVBoxLayout)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap,QCursor,QRegExpValidator
from PyQt5.QtSql import (QSqlDatabase, QSqlQuery, QSqlRelation,
QSqlRelationalDelegate, QSqlRelationalTableModel,QSqlTableModel)
import qrc_resources
MAC = True
try:
from PyQt5.QtGui import qt_mac_set_native_menubar
except ImportError:
MAC = False
ID = 0
NAME = ASSETID = 1
CATEGORYID = DATE = DESCRIPTION = 2
ROOM = ACTIONID = 3
ACQUIRED = 1
def createFakeData():
import random
print("Dropping tables...")
query = QSqlQuery()
query.exec_("DROP TABLE assets")
query.exec_("DROP TABLE logs")
query.exec_("DROP TABLE actions")
query.exec_("DROP TABLE categories")
QApplication.processEvents()
print("Creating tables...")
query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE actions (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL)""")
query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE categories (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
description VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL)""")
query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE assets (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
categoryid INTEGER NOT NULL,
room VARCHAR(4) NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (categoryid) REFERENCES categories)""")
query.exec_("""CREATE TABLE logs (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT UNIQUE NOT NULL,
assetid INTEGER NOT NULL,
date DATE NOT NULL,
actionid INTEGER NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (assetid) REFERENCES assets,
FOREIGN KEY (actionid) REFERENCES actions)""")
QApplication.processEvents()
print("Populating tables...")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO actions (name, description) "
"VALUES ('Acquired', 'When installed')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO actions (name, description) "
"VALUES ('Broken', 'When failed and unusable')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO actions (name, description) "
"VALUES ('Repaired', 'When back in service')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO actions (name, description) "
"VALUES ('Routine maintenance', "
"'When tested, refilled, etc.')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO categories (name, description) VALUES "
"('Computer Equipment', "
"'Monitors, System Units, Peripherals, etc.')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO categories (name, description) VALUES "
"('Furniture', 'Chairs, Tables, Desks, etc.')")
query.exec_("INSERT INTO categories (name, description) VALUES "
"('Electrical Equipment', 'Non-computer electricals')")
today = QDate.currentDate()
floors = list(range(1, 12)) + list(range(14, 28))
monitors = (('17" LCD Monitor', 1),
('20" LCD Monitor', 1),
('21" LCD Monitor', 1),
('21" CRT Monitor', 1),
('24" CRT Monitor', 1))
computers = (("Computer (32-bit/80GB/0.5GB)", 1),
("Computer (32-bit/100GB/1GB)", 1),
("Computer (32-bit/120GB/1GB)", 1),
("Computer (64-bit/240GB/2GB)", 1),
("Computer (64-bit/320GB/4GB)", 1))
printers = (("Laser Printer (4 ppm)", 1),
("Laser Printer (6 ppm)", 1),
("Laser Printer (8 ppm)", 1),
("Laser Printer (16 ppm)", 1))
chairs = (("Secretary Chair", 2),
("Executive Chair (Basic)", 2),
("Executive Chair (Ergonimic)", 2),
("Executive Chair (Hi-Tech)", 2))
desks = (("Desk (Basic, 3 drawer)", 2),
("Desk (Standard, 3 drawer)", 2),
("Desk (Executive, 3 drawer)", 2),
("Desk (Executive, 4 drawer)", 2),
("Desk (Large, 4 drawer)", 2))
furniture = (("Filing Cabinet (3 drawer)", 2),
("Filing Cabinet (4 drawer)", 2),
("Filing Cabinet (5 drawer)", 2),
("Bookcase (4 shelves)", 2),
("Bookcase (6 shelves)", 2),
("Table (4 seater)", 2),
("Table (8 seater)", 2),
("Table (12 seater)", 2))
electrical = (("Fan (3 speed)", 3),
("Fan (5 speed)", 3),
("Photocopier (4 ppm)", 3),
("Photocopier (6 ppm)", 3),
("Photocopier (8 ppm)", 3),
("Shredder", 3))
query.prepare("INSERT INTO assets (name, categoryid, room) "
"VALUES (:name, :categoryid, :room)")
logQuery = QSqlQuery()
logQuery.prepare("INSERT INTO logs (assetid, date, actionid) "
"VALUES (:assetid, :date, :actionid)")
assetid = 1
for i in range(20):
room = "{0:02d}{1:02d}".format(
random.choice(floors), random.randint(1, 62))
for name, category in (random.choice(monitors),
random.choice(computers), random.choice(chairs),
random.choice(desks), random.choice(furniture)):
query.bindValue(":name", name)
query.bindValue(":categoryid", category)
query.bindValue(":room", room)
query.exec_()
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = today.addDays(-random.randint(7, 1500))
#when=when.toString()
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid", ACQUIRED)
logQuery.exec_()
if random.random() > 0.7:
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = when.addDays(random.randint(1, 1500))
if when <= today:
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid",
random.choice((2, 4)))
logQuery.exec_()
assetid += 1
if random.random() > 0.8:
name, category = random.choice(printers)
query.bindValue(":name", name)
query.bindValue(":categoryid", category)
query.bindValue(":room", room)
query.exec_()
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = today.addDays(-random.randint(7, 1500))
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid",ACQUIRED)
logQuery.exec_()
if random.random() > 0.6:
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = when.addDays(random.randint(1, 1500))
if when <= today:
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid",
random.choice((2, 4)))
logQuery.exec_()
assetid += 1
if random.random() > 0.6:
name, category = random.choice(electrical)
query.bindValue(":name", name)
query.bindValue(":categoryid", category)
query.bindValue(":room", room)
query.exec_()
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = today.addDays(-random.randint(7, 1500))
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid",ACQUIRED)
logQuery.exec_()
if random.random() > 0.5:
logQuery.bindValue(":assetid", assetid)
when = when.addDays(random.randint(1, 1500))
if when <= today:
logQuery.bindValue(":date", when.toString("yyyy-MM-dd"))
logQuery.bindValue(":actionid",
random.choice((2, 4)))
logQuery.exec_()
assetid += 1
QApplication.processEvents()
print("Assets:")
query.exec_("SELECT id, name, categoryid, room FROM assets "
"ORDER by id")
categoryQuery = QSqlQuery()
while query.next():
id = query.value(0)
name = str(query.value(1))
categoryid = query.value(2)
room = str(query.value(3))
categoryQuery.exec_("SELECT name FROM categories "
"WHERE id = {0}".format(categoryid))
category = "{0}".format(categoryid)
if categoryQuery.next():
category = str(categoryQuery.value(0))
print("{0}: {1} [{2}] {3}".format(id, name, category, room))
QApplication.processEvents()
class ReferenceDataDlg(QDialog):
def __init__(self, table, title, parent=None):
super(ReferenceDataDlg, self).__init__(parent)
self.model = QSqlTableModel(self)
self.model.setTable(table)
self.model.setSort(NAME, Qt.AscendingOrder)
self.model.setHeaderData(ID, Qt.Horizontal,"ID")
self.model.setHeaderData(NAME, Qt.Horizontal, "Name")
self.model.setHeaderData(DESCRIPTION, Qt.Horizontal,"Description")
self.model.select()
self.view = QTableView()
self.view.setModel(self.model)
self.view.setSelectionMode(QTableView.SingleSelection)
self.view.setSelectionBehavior(QTableView.SelectRows)
self.view.setColumnHidden(ID, True)
self.view.resizeColumnsToContents()
addButton = QPushButton("&Add")
deleteButton = QPushButton("&Delete")
okButton = QPushButton("&OK")
if not MAC:
addButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
deleteButton.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
buttonLayout = QHBoxLayout()
buttonLayout.addWidget(addButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(deleteButton)
buttonLayout.addStretch()
buttonLayout.addWidget(okButton)
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(self.view)
layout.addLayout(buttonLayout)
self.setLayout(layout)
addButton.clicked.connect(self.addRecord)
deleteButton.clicked.connect(self.deleteRecord)
okButton.clicked.connect(self.accept)
self.setWindowTitle(
"Asset Manager - Edit {0} Reference Data".format(title))
def addRecord(self):
row = self.model.rowCount()
self.model.insertRow(row)
index = self.model.index(row, NAME)
self.view.setCurrentIndex(index)
self.view.edit(index)
def deleteRecord(self):
index = self.view.currentIndex()
if not index.isValid():
return
#QSqlDatabase.database().transaction()
record = self.model.record(index.row())
id = record.value(ID)
table = self.model.tableName()
query = QSqlQuery()
if table == "actions":
query.exec_("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM logs "
"WHERE actionid = {0}".format(id))
elif table == "categories":
query.exec_("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM assets "
"WHERE categoryid = {0}".format(id))
count = 0
if query.next():
count = query.value(0)
if count:
QMessageBox.information(self,
"Delete {0}".format(table),
("Cannot delete {0}<br>"
"from the {1} table because it is used by "
"{2} records").format(record.value(NAME),table,count))
#QSqlDatabase.database().rollback()
return
self.model.removeRow(index.row())
self.model.submitAll()
self.model.select()
#QSqlDatabase.database().commit()
class AssetDelegate(QSqlRelationalDelegate):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(AssetDelegate, self).__init__(parent)
def paint(self, painter, option, index):
myoption = QStyleOptionViewItem(option)
if index.column() == ROOM:
myoption.displayAlignment |= (Qt.AlignRight|Qt.AlignVCenter)
QSqlRelationalDelegate.paint(self, painter, myoption, index)
def createEditor(self, parent, option, index):
if index.column() == ROOM:
editor = QLineEdit(parent)
regex = QRegExp(r"(?:0[1-9]|1[0124-9]|2[0-7])"
r"(?:0[1-9]|[1-5][0-9]|6[012])")
validator = QRegExpValidator(regex, parent)
editor.setValidator(validator)
editor.setInputMask("9999")
editor.setAlignment(Qt.AlignRight|Qt.AlignVCenter)
return editor
else:
return QSqlRelationalDelegate.createEditor(self, parent,
option, index)
def setEditorData(self, editor, index):
if index.column() == ROOM:
text = index.model().data(index, Qt.DisplayRole)
editor.setText(text)
else:
QSqlRelationalDelegate.setEditorData(self, editor, index)
def setModelData(self, editor, model, index):
if index.column() == ROOM:
model.setData(index, editor.text())
else:
QSqlRelationalDelegate.setModelData(self, editor, model,
index)
class LogDelegate(QSqlRelationalDelegate):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(LogDelegate, self).__init__(parent)
def paint(self, painter, option, index):
myoption = QStyleOptionViewItem(option)
if index.column() == DATE:
myoption.displayAlignment |= (Qt.AlignRight|Qt.AlignVCenter)
QSqlRelationalDelegate.paint(self, painter, myoption, index)
def createEditor(self, parent, option, index):
if (index.column() == ACTIONID and
index.model().data(index, Qt.DisplayRole) ==
ACQUIRED): # Acquired is read-only
return
if index.column() == DATE:
editor = QDateEdit(parent)
editor.setMaximumDate(QDate.currentDate())
editor.setDisplayFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")
if PYQT_VERSION_STR >= "4.1.0":
editor.setCalendarPopup(True)
editor.setAlignment(Qt.AlignRight|
Qt.AlignVCenter)
return editor
else:
return QSqlRelationalDelegate.createEditor(self, parent,
option, index)
def setEditorData(self, editor, index):
if index.column() == DATE:
date = index.model().data(index, Qt.DisplayRole)
editor.setDate(date)
else:
QSqlRelationalDelegate.setEditorData(self, editor, index)
def setModelData(self, editor, model, index):
if index.column() == DATE:
model.setData(index, QVariant(editor.date()))
else:
QSqlRelationalDelegate.setModelData(self, editor, model,
index)
class MainForm(QDialog):
def __init__(self):
super(MainForm, self).__init__()
self.assetModel = QSqlRelationalTableModel(self)
self.assetModel.setTable("assets")
self.assetModel.setRelation(CATEGORYID,
QSqlRelation("categories", "id", "name"))
self.assetModel.setSort(ROOM, Qt.AscendingOrder)
self.assetModel.setHeaderData(ID, Qt.Horizontal,"ID")
self.assetModel.setHeaderData(NAME, Qt.Horizontal,"Name")
self.assetModel.setHeaderData(CATEGORYID, Qt.Horizontal,"Category")
self.assetModel.setHeaderData(ROOM, Qt.Horizontal,"Room")
self.assetModel.select()
self.assetView = QTableView()
self.assetView.setModel(self.assetModel)
self.assetView.setItemDelegate(AssetDelegate(self))
self.assetView.setSelectionMode(QTableView.SingleSelection)
self.assetView.setSelectionBehavior(QTableView.SelectRows)
self.assetView.setColumnHidden(ID, True)
self.assetView.resizeColumnsToContents()
assetLabel = QLabel("A&ssets")
assetLabel.setBuddy(self.assetView)
self.logModel = QSqlRelationalTableModel(self)
self.logModel.setTable("logs")
self.logModel.setRelation(ACTIONID,
QSqlRelation("actions", "id", "name"))
self.logModel.setSort(DATE, Qt.AscendingOrder)
self.logModel.setHeaderData(DATE, Qt.Horizontal, "Date")
self.logModel.setHeaderData(ACTIONID, Qt.Horizontal,"Action")
self.logModel.select()
self.logView = QTableView()
self.logView.setModel(self.logModel)
self.logView.setItemDelegate(LogDelegate(self))
self.logView.setSelectionMode(QTableView.SingleSelection)
self.logView.setSelectionBehavior(QTableView.SelectRows)
self.logView.setColumnHidden(ID, True)
self.logView.setColumnHidden(ASSETID, True)
self.logView.resizeColumnsToContents()
self.logView.horizontalHeader().setStretchLastSection(True)
logLabel = QLabel("&Logs")
logLabel.setBuddy(self.logView)
addAssetButton = QPushButton("&Add Asset")
deleteAssetButton = QPushButton("&Delete Asset")
addActionButton = QPushButton("Add A&ction")
deleteActionButton = QPushButton("Delete Ac&tion")
editActionsButton = QPushButton("&Edit Actions...")
editCategoriesButton = QPushButton("Ed&it Categories...")
quitButton = QPushButton("&Quit")
for button in (addAssetButton, deleteAssetButton,
addActionButton, deleteActionButton,
editActionsButton, editCategoriesButton, quitButton):
if MAC:
button.setDefault(False)
button.setAutoDefault(False)
else:
button.setFocusPolicy(Qt.NoFocus)
dataLayout = QVBoxLayout()
dataLayout.addWidget(assetLabel)
dataLayout.addWidget(self.assetView, 1)
dataLayout.addWidget(logLabel)
dataLayout.addWidget(self.logView)
buttonLayout = QVBoxLayout()
buttonLayout.addWidget(addAssetButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(deleteAssetButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(addActionButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(deleteActionButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(editActionsButton)
buttonLayout.addWidget(editCategoriesButton)
buttonLayout.addStretch()
buttonLayout.addWidget(quitButton)
layout = QHBoxLayout()
layout.addLayout(dataLayout, 1)
layout.addLayout(buttonLayout)
self.setLayout(layout)
#self.connect(self.assetView.selectionModel(),
#SIGNAL(("currentRowChanged(QModelIndex,QModelIndex)")),
#self.assetChanged)
self.assetView.selectionModel().currentRowChanged.connect(self.assetChanged)
addAssetButton.clicked.connect(self.addAsset)
deleteAssetButton.clicked.connect(self.deleteAsset)
addActionButton.clicked.connect(self.addAction)
deleteActionButton.clicked.connect(self.deleteAction)
editActionsButton.clicked.connect(self.editActions)
editCategoriesButton.clicked.connect(self.editCategories)
quitButton.clicked.connect(self.done)
self.assetChanged(self.assetView.currentIndex())
self.setMinimumWidth(650)
self.setWindowTitle("Asset Manager")
def done(self, result=1):
query = QSqlQuery()
query.exec_("DELETE FROM logs WHERE logs.assetid NOT IN"
"(SELECT id FROM assets)")
QDialog.done(self, 1)
def assetChanged(self, index):
if index.isValid():
record = self.assetModel.record(index.row())
#print(index.row())
id = record.value("id")
self.logModel.setFilter("assetid = {0}".format(id))
else:
self.logModel.setFilter("assetid = -1")
#self.logModel.reset() # workaround for Qt <= 4.3.3/SQLite bug
#self.logModel.beginResetModel()
self.logModel.select()
self.logView.horizontalHeader().setVisible(
self.logModel.rowCount() > 0)
if PYQT_VERSION_STR < "4.1.0":
self.logView.setColumnHidden(ID, True)
self.logView.setColumnHidden(ASSETID, True)
#self.logModel.endResetModel()
def addAsset(self):
row = (self.assetView.currentIndex().row()
if self.assetView.currentIndex().isValid() else 0)
QSqlDatabase.database().transaction()
self.assetModel.insertRow(row)
index = self.assetModel.index(row, NAME)
self.assetView.setCurrentIndex(index)
assetid = 1
query = QSqlQuery()
query.exec_("SELECT MAX(id) FROM assets")
if query.next():
assetid = query.value(0)
query.prepare("INSERT INTO logs (assetid, date, actionid) "
"VALUES (:assetid, :date, :actionid)")
query.bindValue(":assetid", assetid + 1)
query.bindValue(":date", QDate.currentDate())
query.bindValue(":actionid", ACQUIRED)
query.exec_()
QSqlDatabase.database().commit()
#self.logModel.select()
self.assetView.edit(index)
def deleteAsset(self):
index = self.assetView.currentIndex()
if not index.isValid():
return
QSqlDatabase.database().transaction()
record = self.assetModel.record(index.row())
assetid = record.value(ID)
logrecords = 1
query = QSqlQuery("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM logs WHERE assetid = {0}".format(assetid))
if query.next():
logrecords = query.value(0)
msg = ("<font color=red>Delete</font><br><b>{0}</b>"
"<br>from room {1}").format(record.value(NAME),record.value(ROOM))
if logrecords > 1:
msg += (", along with {0} log records"
.format(logrecords))
msg += "?"
if (QMessageBox.question(self, "Delete Asset", msg,
QMessageBox.Yes|QMessageBox.No) ==
QMessageBox.No):
QSqlDatabase.database().rollback()
return
#query.exec_("DELETE FROM logs WHERE assetid = {0}"
# .format(assetid))
#use model API
self.logModel.setFilter("assetid={0}".format(assetid))
self.logModel.select()
if self.logModel.rowCount()>0:
self.logModel.removeRows(0,self.logModel.rowCount())
self.logModel.submitAll()
self.assetModel.removeRow(index.row())
self.assetModel.submitAll()
QSqlDatabase.database().commit()
self.assetModel.select()
self.assetChanged(self.assetView.currentIndex())
def addAction(self):
index = self.assetView.currentIndex()
if not index.isValid():
return
QSqlDatabase.database().transaction()
record = self.assetModel.record(index.row())
assetid = record.value(ID)
row = self.logModel.rowCount()
self.logModel.insertRow(row)
self.logModel.setData(self.logModel.index(row, ASSETID),
assetid)
self.logModel.setData(self.logModel.index(row, DATE),
QDate.currentDate())
QSqlDatabase.database().commit()
index = self.logModel.index(row, ACTIONID)
self.logView.setCurrentIndex(index)
self.logView.edit(index)
def deleteAction(self):
index = self.logView.currentIndex()
if not index.isValid():
return
record = self.logModel.record(index.row())
action = record.value(ACTIONID)
if action == "Acquired":
QMessageBox.information(self, "Delete Log",
"The 'Acquired' log record cannot be deleted.<br>"
"You could delete the entire asset instead.")
return
when = str(record.value(DATE))
if (QMessageBox.question(self, "Delete Log",
"Delete log<br>{0} {1}?".format(when, action),
QMessageBox.Yes|QMessageBox.No) ==
QMessageBox.No):
return
self.logModel.removeRow(index.row())
self.logModel.submitAll()
self.logModel.select()
def editActions(self):
form = ReferenceDataDlg("actions", "Action", self)
form.exec_()
def editCategories(self):
form = ReferenceDataDlg("categories", "Category", self)
form.exec_()
def main():
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "assets.db")
create = not QFile.exists(filename)
db = QSqlDatabase.addDatabase("QSQLITE")
db.setDatabaseName(filename)
if not db.open():
QMessageBox.warning(None, "Asset Manager",
("Database Error: {0}"
.format(db.lastError().text())))
sys.exit(1)
splash = None
if create:
app.setOverrideCursor(QCursor(Qt.WaitCursor))
splash = QLabel()
pixmap = QPixmap(":/assetmanagersplash.png")
splash.setPixmap(pixmap)
splash.setMask(pixmap.createHeuristicMask())
splash.setWindowFlags(Qt.SplashScreen)
rect = app.desktop().availableGeometry()
splash.move((rect.width() - pixmap.width()) / 2,
(rect.height() - pixmap.height()) / 2)
splash.show()
app.processEvents()
createFakeData()
form = MainForm()
form.show()
if create:
splash.close()
app.processEvents()
app.restoreOverrideCursor()
app.exec_()
del form
del db
main()
실행 결과:
관련 권장 사항:
python3+PyQt5에서 드래그 앤 드롭 기능 구현
python3+에 대한 자세한 설명 PyQt5 일반 위임
위 내용은 python3+PyQt5는 데이터베이스 테이블 뷰를 사용합니다.의 상세 내용입니다. 자세한 내용은 PHP 중국어 웹사이트의 기타 관련 기사를 참조하세요!
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