PHP에서 정규식을 사용하여 상대 경로를 절대 경로로 변환하는 방법

머리말

웹 크롤링을 하다보면 누구나 한 번쯤 경험해 봤을 텐데요, 특히 크롤러가 검색한 하이퍼링크를 처리해서 Absolute로 일률적으로 바꾸는 작업이 필요합니다. 따라서 이 기사에서는 검색된 링크를 처리하기 위한 정규식을 작성했습니다. 아래에서는 할 말이 많지 않으니, 자세한 소개를 살펴보겠습니다.

일반적으로 다음 링크를 검색할 수 있습니다.

<!-- 空超链接 -->
<a href=""></a> 
<!-- 空白符 -->
<a href=" " rel="external nofollow" > </a>
<!-- a标签含有其它属性 -->
<a href="index.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" alt="超链接"> index.html </a>
<a href="/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank"> / target="_blank" </a>
<a target="_blank" href="/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" alt="超链接" > target="_blank" / alt="超链接" </a>
<a target="_blank" title="超链接" href="/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" alt="超链接" > target="_blank" title="超链接" / alt="超链接" </a>
<!-- 根目录 -->
<a href="/" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > / </a>
<a href="a" rel="external nofollow" > a </a>
<!-- 含参数 -->
<a href="/index.html?id=1" rel="external nofollow" > /index.html?id=1 </a>
<a href="?id=2" rel="external nofollow" > ?id=2 </a>
<!-- // -->
<a href="//index.html" rel="external nofollow" > //index.html </a>
<a href="//www.mafutian.net" rel="external nofollow" > //www.mafutian.net </a>
<!-- 站内链接 -->
<a href="http://www.hole_1.com/index.html" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/ </a>
<!-- 站外链接 -->
<a href="http://www.mafutian.net" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/ </a>
<a href="http://www.numberer.net" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/ </a>
<!-- 图片，文本文件格式的链接 -->
<a href="1.jpg" rel="external nofollow" > 1.jpg </a>
<a href="1.jpeg" rel="external nofollow" > 1.jpeg </a>
<a href="1.gif" rel="external nofollow" > 1.gif </a>
<a href="1.png" rel="external nofollow" > 1.png </a>
<a href="1.txt" rel="external nofollow" > 1.txt </a>
<!-- 普通链接 -->
<a href="index.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > index.html </a>
<a href="index.html" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" > index.html </a>
<a href="./index.html" rel="external nofollow" > ./index.html </a>
<a href="../index.html" rel="external nofollow" > ../index.html </a>
<a href=".../" rel="external nofollow" > .../ </a>
<a href="..." rel="external nofollow" > ... </a>
<!-- 非链接，含有链接冒号 --> 
<a href="javascript:void(0)" rel="external nofollow" > javascript:void(0) </a>
<a href="a:b" rel="external nofollow" > a:b </a>
<a href="/a#a:b" rel="external nofollow" > /a#a:b </a>
<a href="mailto:&#39;mafutian@126.com&#39;" rel="external nofollow" > mailto:&#39;mafutian@126.com&#39; </a>
<a href="/tencent://message/?uin=335134463" rel="external nofollow" > /tencent://message/?uin=335134463 </a> 
<!-- 相对路径 -->
<a href="." rel="external nofollow" > . </a>
<a href=".." rel="external nofollow" > .. </a>
<a href="../" rel="external nofollow" > ../ </a>
<a href="/a/b/.." rel="external nofollow" > /a/b/.. </a>
<a href="/a" rel="external nofollow" > /a </a>
<a href="./b" rel="external nofollow" > ./b </a>
<a href="./././././././././b" rel="external nofollow" > ./././././././././b </a> <!-- 其实就是 ./b -->
<a href="../c" rel="external nofollow" > ../c </a>
<a href="../../d" rel="external nofollow" > ../../d </a>
<a href="../a/../b/c/../d" rel="external nofollow" > ../a/../b/c/../d </a>
<a href="./../e" rel="external nofollow" > ./../e </a>
<a href="http://www.hole_1.org/./../e" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/ </a> 
<a href="./.././f" rel="external nofollow" > ./.././f </a>
<a href="http://www.hole_1.org/../a/.../../b/c/../d/.." rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/ </a> 
<!-- 带有端口号 -->
<a href=":8081/index.html" rel="external nofollow" > :8081/index.html </a>
<a href="http://www.mafutian.net:80/index.html" rel="external nofollow" > :80/index.html </a>
<a href="http://www.mafutian.net:8081/index.html" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/:8081/index.html </a>
<a href="http://www.mafutian.net:8082/index.html" rel="external nofollow" > http://www.php.cn/:8082/index.html </a>

처리의 첫 번째 단계는 이를 절대 경로로 설정하는 것입니다:

http:// ... / ../ ../

그런 다음 이 문서에서는 ' ./', '../', '/..'의 절대 경로 구현 코드:

function url_to_absolute($relative)
{
 $absolute = '';
 // 去除所有的 './'
 $absolute = preg_replace(&#39;/(?<!\.)\.\//&#39;,&#39;&#39;,$relative);
 $count = preg_match_all(&#39;/(?<!\/)\/([^\/]{1,}?)\/\.\.\//&#39;,$absolute,$res);
 // 迭代去除所有的 &#39;/abc/../&#39;
 do
 {
 $absolute = preg_replace(&#39;/(?<!\/)\/([^\/]{1,}?)\/\.\.\//&#39;,&#39;/&#39;,$absolute);
 $count = preg_match_all(&#39;/(?<!\/)\/([^\/]{1,}?)\/\.\.\//&#39;,$absolute,$res); 
 }while($count >= 1);
 // 除去最后的 &#39;/..&#39;
 $absolute = preg_replace(&#39;/(?<!\/)\/([^\/]{1,}?)\/\.\.$/&#39;,&#39;/&#39;,$absolute);
 $absolute = preg_replace(&#39;/\/\.\.$/&#39;,&#39;&#39;,$absolute);
 // 除去存在的 &#39;../&#39;
 $absolute = preg_replace(&#39;/(?<!\.)\.\.\//&#39;,&#39;&#39;,$absolute);
 return $absolute;
}
$relative = &#39;http://www.mytest.org/../a/.../../b/c/../d/..&#39;;
var_dump(url_to_absolute($relative));
// 输出：string &#39;http://www.mytest.org/a/b/&#39; (length=26)

더 보기 PHP는 정규식을 사용합니다. 상대 경로를 절대 경로로 변환하는 방법에 대한 관련 기사를 보려면 PHP 중국어 웹사이트를 주목하세요!