Java 동시성 동기화 분석

Java 프로그래밍 언어

Java는 크로스 플랫폼 응용 소프트웨어를 작성할 수 있는 객체 지향 프로그래밍 언어로 1995년 5월 Sun Microsystems에서 출시한 Java 프로그래밍 언어이자 Java 플랫폼입니다. JavaEE(j2ee), JavaME(j2me), JavaSE(j2se))의 총칭.

JDK에서는 주로 동기화에 대한 분석이 많지 않습니다. jvm에서 syncronizer.cpp의 소스 코드를 분석해 보겠습니다.

여기에서 jvm 소스 코드를 다운로드할 수 있습니다: http://hg.openjdk.java.net/

syncronzier 디렉토리. cpp는 다음 위치에 있습니다: hotspot-9646293b9637srcsharevmruntime

동기화된 동기화 하위 계층은 JNI를 사용하여 ObjectMonitor를 호출하여 스레드 wait(), inform(), informAll() 등을 구현합니다.
핫스팟 소스 코드를 살펴보세요( 아래에서 C++로 작성) 개요를 확인하세요. 단 한 번의 클릭만으로 충분합니다.

기다림()

// NOTE: must use heavy weight monitor to handle wait()
void ObjectSynchronizer::wait(Handle obj, jlong millis, TRAPS) {
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(obj, false, THREAD);
    assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "biases should be revoked by now");
  }
  if (millis < 0) {//时间小于0会抛出异常
    TEVENT (wait - throw IAX) ;
    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "timeout value is negative");
  }
  ObjectMonitor* monitor = ObjectSynchronizer::inflate(THREAD, obj());
  DTRACE_MONITOR_WAIT_PROBE(monitor, obj(), THREAD, millis);

  //调用了ObjectMonitor中的wait
  monitor->wait(millis, true, THREAD);

  /* This dummy call is in place to get around dtrace bug 6254741.  Once
     that&#39;s fixed we can uncomment the following line and remove the call */
  // DTRACE_MONITOR_PROBE(waited, monitor, obj(), THREAD);
  dtrace_waited_probe(monitor, obj, THREAD);
}</span>

ObjectMonitor::wait()

// Note: a subset of changes to ObjectMonitor::wait()
// will need to be replicated in complete_exit above
void ObjectMonitor::wait(jlong millis, bool interruptible, TRAPS) {
   Thread * const Self = THREAD ;
   assert(Self->is_Java_thread(), "Must be Java thread!");
   JavaThread *jt = (JavaThread *)THREAD;

   DeferredInitialize () ;

   // Throw IMSX or IEX.
   CHECK_OWNER();

   // check for a pending interrupt 是否有中断信号
   if (interruptible && Thread::is_interrupted(Self, true) && !HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
     // post monitor waited event.  Note that this is past-tense, we are done waiting.
     if (JvmtiExport::should_post_monitor_waited()) {
        // Note: 'false' parameter is passed here because the
        // wait was not timed out due to thread interrupt.
        JvmtiExport::post_monitor_waited(jt, this, false);
     }
     TEVENT (Wait - Throw IEX) ;
     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException());
     return ;
   }
   TEVENT (Wait) ;

   assert (Self->_Stalled == 0, "invariant") ;
   Self->_Stalled = intptr_t(this) ;
   //设置线程的监视锁
   jt->set_current_waiting_monitor(this);

   // create a node to be put into the queue
   // Critically, after we reset() the event but prior to park(), we must check
   // for a pending interrupt.
   //添加一个节点放入到等待队列中
   ObjectWaiter node(Self);
   node.TState = ObjectWaiter::TS_WAIT ;
   Self->_ParkEvent->reset() ;
   OrderAccess::fence();          // ST into Event; membar ; LD interrupted-flag

   // Enter the waiting queue, which is a circular doubly linked list in this case
   // but it could be a priority queue or any data structure.
   // _WaitSetLock protects the wait queue.  Normally the wait queue is accessed only
   // by the the owner of the monitor *except* in the case where park()
   // returns because of a timeout of interrupt.  Contention is exceptionally rare
   // so we use a simple spin-lock instead of a heavier-weight blocking lock.
   //添加元素c++使用同步的方式，获取锁
   Thread::SpinAcquire (&_WaitSetLock, "WaitSet - add") ;
   //添加节点
   AddWaiter (&node) ;
   //释放锁
   Thread::SpinRelease (&_WaitSetLock) ;

   if ((SyncFlags & 4) == 0) {
      _Responsible = NULL ;
   }
   intptr_t save = _recursions; // record the old recursion count
   //增加等待线程数
   _waiters++;                  // increment the number of waiters
   _recursions = 0;             // set the recursion level to be 1
   exit (Self) ;                    // exit the monitor
   guarantee (_owner != Self, "invariant") ;

   // As soon as the ObjectMonitor's ownership is dropped in the exit()
   // call above, another thread can enter() the ObjectMonitor, do the
   // notify(), and exit() the ObjectMonitor. If the other thread's
   // exit() call chooses this thread as the successor and the unpark()
   // call happens to occur while this thread is posting a
   // MONITOR_CONTENDED_EXIT event, then we run the risk of the event
   // handler using RawMonitors and consuming the unpark().
   //
   // To avoid the problem, we re-post the event. This does no harm
   // even if the original unpark() was not consumed because we are the
   // chosen successor for this monitor.
   if (node._notified != 0 && _succ == Self) {
      node._event->unpark();
   }

   // The thread is on the WaitSet list - now park() it.
   // On MP systems it's conceivable that a brief spin before we park
   // could be profitable.
   //
   // TODO-FIXME: change the following logic to a loop of the form
   //   while (!timeout && !interrupted && _notified == 0) park()

   int ret = OS_OK ;
   int WasNotified = 0 ;
   { // State transition wrappers
     OSThread* osthread = Self->osthread();
     OSThreadWaitState osts(osthread, true);
     {
       ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(jt);
       // Thread is in thread_blocked state and oop access is unsafe.
       jt->set_suspend_equivalent();

       if (interruptible && (Thread::is_interrupted(THREAD, false) || HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION)) {
           // Intentionally empty
       } else
       if (node._notified == 0) {
         if (millis <= 0) {
            Self->_ParkEvent->park () ;
         } else {
            ret = Self->_ParkEvent->park (millis) ;
         }
       }

       // were we externally suspended while we were waiting?
       if (ExitSuspendEquivalent (jt)) {
          // TODO-FIXME: add -- if succ == Self then succ = null.
          jt->java_suspend_self();
       }

     } // Exit thread safepoint: transition _thread_blocked -> _thread_in_vm


     // Node may be on the WaitSet, the EntryList (or cxq), or in transition
     // from the WaitSet to the EntryList.
     // See if we need to remove Node from the WaitSet.
     // We use double-checked locking to avoid grabbing _WaitSetLock
     // if the thread is not on the wait queue.
     //
     // Note that we don&#39;t need a fence before the fetch of TState.
     // In the worst case we&#39;ll fetch a old-stale value of TS_WAIT previously
     // written by the is thread. (perhaps the fetch might even be satisfied
     // by a look-aside into the processor&#39;s own store buffer, although given
     // the length of the code path between the prior ST and this load that&#39;s
     // highly unlikely).  If the following LD fetches a stale TS_WAIT value
     // then we&#39;ll acquire the lock and then re-fetch a fresh TState value.
     // That is, we fail toward safety.

     if (node.TState == ObjectWaiter::TS_WAIT) {
         Thread::SpinAcquire (&_WaitSetLock, "WaitSet - unlink") ;
         if (node.TState == ObjectWaiter::TS_WAIT) {
            DequeueSpecificWaiter (&node) ;       // unlink from WaitSet
            assert(node._notified == 0, "invariant");
            node.TState = ObjectWaiter::TS_RUN ;
         }
         Thread::SpinRelease (&_WaitSetLock) ;
     }

     // The thread is now either on off-list (TS_RUN),
     // on the EntryList (TS_ENTER), or on the cxq (TS_CXQ).
     // The Node&#39;s TState variable is stable from the perspective of this thread.
     // No other threads will asynchronously modify TState.
     guarantee (node.TState != ObjectWaiter::TS_WAIT, "invariant") ;
     OrderAccess::loadload() ;
     if (_succ == Self) _succ = NULL ;
     WasNotified = node._notified ;

     // Reentry phase -- reacquire the monitor.
     // re-enter contended monitor after object.wait().
     // retain OBJECT_WAIT state until re-enter successfully completes
     // Thread state is thread_in_vm and oop access is again safe,
     // although the raw address of the object may have changed.
     // (Don&#39;t cache naked oops over safepoints, of course).

     // post monitor waited event. Note that this is past-tense, we are done waiting.
     if (JvmtiExport::should_post_monitor_waited()) {
       JvmtiExport::post_monitor_waited(jt, this, ret == OS_TIMEOUT);
     }
     OrderAccess::fence() ;

     assert (Self->_Stalled != 0, "invariant") ;
     Self->_Stalled = 0 ;

     assert (_owner != Self, "invariant") ;
     ObjectWaiter::TStates v = node.TState ;
     if (v == ObjectWaiter::TS_RUN) {
         enter (Self) ;
     } else {
         guarantee (v == ObjectWaiter::TS_ENTER || v == ObjectWaiter::TS_CXQ, "invariant") ;
         ReenterI (Self, &node) ;
         node.wait_reenter_end(this);
     }

     // Self has reacquired the lock.
     // Lifecycle - the node representing Self must not appear on any queues.
     // Node is about to go out-of-scope, but even if it were immortal we wouldn&#39;t
     // want residual elements associated with this thread left on any lists.
     guarantee (node.TState == ObjectWaiter::TS_RUN, "invariant") ;
     assert    (_owner == Self, "invariant") ;
     assert    (_succ != Self , "invariant") ;
   } // OSThreadWaitState()

   jt->set_current_waiting_monitor(NULL);

   guarantee (_recursions == 0, "invariant") ;
   _recursions = save;     // restore the old recursion count
   _waiters--;             // decrement the number of waiters

   // Verify a few postconditions
   assert (_owner == Self       , "invariant") ;
   assert (_succ  != Self       , "invariant") ;
   assert (((oop)(object()))->mark() == markOopDesc::encode(this), "invariant") ;

   if (SyncFlags & 32) {
      OrderAccess::fence() ;
   }

   // check if the notification happened
   if (!WasNotified) {
     // no, it could be timeout or Thread.interrupt() or both
     // check for interrupt event, otherwise it is timeout
     if (interruptible && Thread::is_interrupted(Self, true) && !HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
       TEVENT (Wait - throw IEX from epilog) ;
       THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException());
     }
   }

   // NOTE: Spurious wake up will be consider as timeout.
   // Monitor notify has precedence over thread interrupt.
}</span>

ObjectMonitor::notify()

void ObjectMonitor::notify(TRAPS) {
  CHECK_OWNER();
  if (_WaitSet == NULL) {
     TEVENT (Empty-Notify) ;
     return ;
  }
  DTRACE_MONITOR_PROBE(notify, this, object(), THREAD);

  int Policy = Knob_MoveNotifyee ;

  Thread::SpinAcquire (&_WaitSetLock, "WaitSet - notify") ;
  ObjectWaiter * iterator = DequeueWaiter() ;
  // ...
  //省略中间代码
  //...
        ParkEvent * ev = iterator->_event ;
        //设置状态
        iterator->TState = ObjectWaiter::TS_RUN ;
        OrderAccess::fence() ;
        //释放锁
        ev->unpark() ;
     }

     if (Policy < 4) {
       iterator->wait_reenter_begin(this);
     }
  }</span>

notifyAll(), SimpleEnter(), SimpeExit()도 있는데, 구체적인 코드를 볼 수 있습니다.

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