Nginx uWSGI Django 방법을 사용하여 Django 프로그램을 배포하는 방법을 가르치는 5단계

Django는 다양한 방법으로 배포할 수 있으며, nginx+uwsgi는 가장 일반적인 방법 중 하나입니다. 이 방법에서 우리의 일반적인 접근 방식은 nginx를 서버의 프런트 엔드로 사용하여 웹에서 모든 요청을 수신하고 통합된 방식으로 요청을 관리하는 것입니다. nginx는 모든 정적 요청을 자체적으로 처리합니다(이것이 NGINX의 강점입니다). 그런 다음 NGINX는 uwsgi를 통해 모든 비정적 요청을 Django에 전달하며, 이는 Django에서 처리되어 WEB 요청을 완료합니다. uwsgi가 브릿지 역할을 하는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. 다리 역할을 하세요.

참고: nginx를 사용하지 않고 uwsgi+django만 사용하여 WEB 서비스를 구현할 수도 있습니다. uwsgi는 웹 요청을 직접 처리할 수도 있습니다.

위 방법의 배포를 완료하기 위해 두 개의 글로 나누어 각각 설명하도록 하겠습니다.

첫 번째 단계는 uwsgi와 django 사이의 연결을 해결하는 것입니다. uwsgi+DJANGO를 사용하여 nginx 없이 간단한 웹 서버를 구현하는 방법에 대한 문제를 해결하세요.

두 번째 단계는 uwsgi와 Nginx 간의 연결을 해결하는 것입니다. nginx와 uwsgi 사이의 브리지를 통해 nginx와 django 사이의 연결이 열리므로 django 배포가 더욱 완벽하게 구현됩니다.

이 글은 5단계로 나누어 uwsgi+django 배포 방법을 자세히 설명하겠습니다. nginx+uwsgi+django 배포에 대해서는 다음 글에서 설명하겠습니다. 이 기사 개요:

환경 소개

uwsgi 설치

uwsgi 테스트

django 구성

django와 uwsgi를 연결하여 간단한 웹 서버를 구현합니다.

환경 소개

Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

django 1.4.2

uwsgi 설치

1. pip 설치http://www.jsxubar.info/install-pip.htmluwsgi 설치

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>$ <spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>export <spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>LDFLAGS<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"-Xlinker --no-as-needed"<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>$ pip install uwsgi
</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

를 참조하세요.

Test uwsgi

test.py

# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
    return "Hello World"

를 머신에 작성한 다음 셸 명령을 실행합니다.

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

웹페이지 방문: http://127.0.0.1:8001/웹페이지에 Hello World가 있는지 확인

django 구성

참고:

django 프로젝트가 정상적으로 사용되고 있는지 확인하세요.

python Manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

를 사용하여 django 프로젝트가 정상적으로 실행되는지 테스트할 수 있습니다.

django 프로그램이 종료되었는지 확인하세요. django_wsgi.py 파일을 작성하여manage.py 파일과 동일한 디렉토리에 배치합니다.

참고: 파일을 작성할 때 os.environ.setdefault 문에 주의해야 합니다. 예를 들어, 프로젝트가 mysite인 경우 설명은 os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")

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<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic>#!/usr/bin/env python<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic># coding: utf-8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>os<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic># 将系统的编码设置为UTF8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>reload<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sys<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>setdefaultencoding<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>'utf8'<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman>os<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>environ<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>setdefault<spanpalatino linotype new roman>(<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"<spanpalatino linotype new roman>,<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>"mysite.settings"<spanpalatino linotype new roman>)<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>from<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>django.core.handlers.wsgi<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>import<spanpalatino linotype new roman>WSGIHandler<spanpalatino linotype new roman>application<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman>WSGIHandler<spanpalatino linotype new roman>()</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

连接django和uwsgi，实现简单的Web服务器。

我们假设你的Django项目的地址是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite，然后，就可以执行以下命令：

uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite --module django_wsgi

这样，你就可以在浏览器中访问你的Django程序了。所有的请求都是经过uwsgi传递给Django程序的。

最后：

关于如何将uwsgi与Nginx连接，可以期待下篇文章 《五步教你实现使用Nginx+Uwsgi+Django方法部署Django程序(下)》最后面，请大家要支持Django中国社区哦，单靠一两个人是不行的，一起推广一下，让Django社区更有力量哈！更有人气哈！推广链接： http://django-china.cn/

参考、解释及其它

wsgi: WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx）与应用服务器（如uWSGI服务器）通信的一种规范。

关于WSGI协议看这里：WSGI

uWSGI: http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。 Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

uwsgi: uwsgi同WSGI一样是一种通信协议，而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。

uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgi packet前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

关于uwsgi协议看这里：The uwsgi protocol

有了uWSGI为什么还需要nginx？

nginx具备优秀的静态内容处理能力，然后将动态内容转发给uWSGI服务器，这样可以达到很好的客户端响应。

参考文献：http://heipark.iteye.com/blog/1750970

当然，单单只有uWSGI是不够的，在实际的部署环境中，Nginx是必不可少的工具。

在本篇文章中，我将一直延用“N步法”的风格来阐述如何将uWSGI与Nginx做连接来部署Django程序。并在最后，会较为完整的阐述本社区的部署方法。本文大纲：

环境介绍

配置uWSGI

配置Nginx

Nginx+uWSGI+Django的实现方式

一些建议

环境介绍

Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS

django 1.4.2

nginx/1.2.6

uWSGI 1.4.4

关于uWSGI的安装可参见上一篇文章 上一篇文章《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》我们假定你已经安装好Nginx了。

配置uWSGI

在上一篇文章《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》中,我们是直接使用命令行来启动uWSGI，在实际部署环境中，我们常用的是配置文件的方式，而非命令行的方式。我的一般做法是用命令行来测试是否uWSGI安装成功，然后用配置文件来真正部署。另外，为了实现Nginx与uWSGI的连接，两者之间将采用soket来通讯方式。在本节中，我们将使用uWSGI配置文件的方式来改进uWSGI的启动方式。假定你的程序目录是 /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite我们将要让Nginx采用8077端口与uWSGI通讯，请确保此端口没有被其它程序采用。注意，请确定你在上一节《五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序(上)》中的django_wsgi.py文件已经存在了。新建一个XML文件：djangochina_socket.xml，将它放在 /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite 目录下：

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><uwsgi><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><socket>:8077<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></socket><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><chdir>/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></chdir><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><module>django_wsgi<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></module><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><processes>4<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></processes><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-style:italic><!-- 进程数 --><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold><daemonize>uwsgi.log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></daemonize><spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold></uwsgi></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

在上面的配置中，我们使用 uwsgi.log 来记录日志，开启4个进程来处理请求。这样，我们就配置好uWSGI了。

配置Nginx

我们假设你将会把Nginx程序日志放到你的目录/home/work/var/test/logs/下，请确保该目录存在。我们假设你的Django的static目录是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/collectedstatic/ ， media目录是/home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/public/media/，请确保这些目录存在。我们假设你的域名是 www.you.com （在调试时你可以设置成你的机器IP）我们假设你的域名端口是 80（在调试时你可以设置一些特殊端口如 8070）基于上面的假设，我们为conf/nginx.conf添加以下配置

<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>server<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>listen<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>80<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>server_name<spanpalatino linotype new roman>www<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>you<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>com<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>var<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>test<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>error_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>var<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>test<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>error<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#charse<spanpalatino linotype new roman>t<spanpalatino linotype new roman>koi8<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>-<spanpalatino linotype new roman>r<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#access<spanpalatino linotype new roman>_log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>logs<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>host<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>access<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>log<spanpalatino linotype new roman>main<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman><strong>include</strong><spanpalatino linotype new roman>uwsgi_params<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>uwsgi_pass<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>127<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>0<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>0<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>:<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>8077<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>#error_page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>404<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>404<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>#<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>redirect<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>server<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>error<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>pages<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>to<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>the<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>static<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>#<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>error_page<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>500<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>502<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>503<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>504<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>=<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>50x<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>.html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>root<spanpalatino linotype new roman>html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>static<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>alias<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>src<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sites<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>collectedstatic<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>html<spanpalatino linotype new roman>index<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>.<spanpalatino linotype new roman>htm<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>location<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb font-weight:bold>media<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>{<spanpalatino linotype new roman>alias<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>home<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>work<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>src<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>sites<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango1<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>testdjango<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>public<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>media<spanpalatino linotype new roman color:rgb>/<spanpalatino linotype new roman>;<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}<spanpalatino linotype new roman>}</spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino></spanpalatino>

在上面的设置后，可以让Nginx来处理静态文件(/static/ 和 /media/ ）。非静态文件请求Nginx会发给 socket 8077，然后让uWSGI来进行处理。

Nginx+uWSGI+Django的实现方式

在完成上面配置后，需要按以下步骤来做：

重启Nginx服务器，以使Nginx的配置生效。

nginx -s  reload

重启后检查Nginx日志是否有异常。

启动uWSGI服务器

cd /home/work/src/sites/testdjango1/testdjango/mysite

uwsgi -x djangochina_socket.xml

检查日志 uwsgi.log 是否有异常发现。

访问服务

基于上面的假设你的域名是www.you.com

因此，我们访问 www.you.com，如果发现程序与 单独使用Django启动的程序一模一样时，就说明成功啦！

关闭服务的方法

将uWSGi进程杀死即可。

一些建议

uWSG配置文件的进程数，可以根据实际情况分配。不要开得太大，否则机器可能会内存耗用太高。一般来说，对于一个小社区来说，4个进程已经足够了。

一般情况下，可以编写一下 stop.sh 脚本 来关闭uWSGI。

以上就介绍了五步教你实现使用Nginx+uWSGI+Django方法部署Django程序，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。