如今的APP很少有不跟服务器打交道的,其中在轻量级的通信交互中,JSON(JavaScript Object Notation)和XML,并称为客户端和服务端交互解决方案的倚天剑和屠龙刀,本文主要介绍JSON相关的知识。
JSON中对象包括在一对大括号里面,对象中的每一个item都是一个"key:value"数据对,数据对之间以逗号来分隔。JSON对象的key只能是String类型,value可能是其它类型如number,boolean,null。如下所示
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">{ "Name" : "Alex", "Sex" : "Male", "Age" : "20",}</code>
JSON数组包括在一对中括号里面,每一个元素都是一个JSON对象,也是以逗号来分隔,示例如下
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">[ { "Name" : "Alex", "Sex" : "Male", "Age" : "20", }, { "Name" : "May", "Sex" : "Female", "Age" : "19", }, { "Name" : "Mike", "Sex" : "Male", "Age" : "21", }]</code>
FastJSON是alibaba公司开发出来的专门解析JSON的一个框架,根据他们自己的测试,速度非常快,效率非常高,而且没有之一。我们以从聚合数据网站上查询苏州城市天气预报的一个JSON数据为例来说明,获取的URL地址是http://v.juhe.cn/weather/index?format=2&cityname=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E&key=6f9276e4d79c5d102bbfb28717beba93。为确保数据源没有问题,可以在浏览器中打开URL,看看是否有数据。这里再介绍一款Mac下的工具JSON Accelerator,不但可以从网络上抓取,还可以添加http请求头信息,使用起来非常方便。
新建工程取名为FastJSONDemo,由于要访问网络,所以需要在AndroidManifest.xml中添加相应权限
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;"><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"></uses-permission></code>
网络请求部分,这里我们使用volley这个库,Google出品,使用简单。源码下载地址https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/volley/,jar包的下载地址http://download.csdn.net/detail/djstava/8793421。下载后把volley的库导入到工程中,UI的话,用了一个TextView来显示接收到的json数据
为了建立一个全局的请求队列,需要在实现一个继承自Application的子类,叫VolleyApplication
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">package com.djstava.fastjsondemo;import android.app.Application;import com.android.volley.RequestQueue;import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;/*** 包名称: com.djstava.fastjsondemo* 创建人: djstava* 创建时间: 15/9/23 下午3:44*/public class VolleyApplication extends Application{ public static RequestQueue requestQueue; @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext());}public static RequestQueue getVolleyQueue() { return requestQueue; }}</code>
然后在MainActivity中的onStart方法编写请求部分,然后在onStop方法中取消请求
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">private static final String JSON_URL = "http://v.juhe.cn/weather/index?format=2&cityname=%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E&key=6f9276e4d79c5d102bbfb28717beba93";//字段key是从聚合数据网站上申请过来的,请自行替换@Overrideprotected void onStart() { super.onStart(); JsonObjectRequest jsonObjectRequest = new JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.GET, JSON_URL, null, new Response.Listener<jsonobject>() { @Override public void onResponse(JSONObject jsonObject) { try { textView.setText(jsonObject.toString()); Log.e(TAG,"result:" + jsonObject.getString("resultcode")); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) { Log.e(TAG, volleyError.getMessage()); } }); jsonObjectRequest.setTag("fastjson"); VolleyApplication.requestQueue.add(jsonObjectRequest);}@Overrideprotected void onStop() { super.onStop(); VolleyApplication.requestQueue.cancelAll("fastjson");}</jsonobject></code>
别忘了在AndroiManifest.xml文件Application标签中加入
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">android:name=".VolleyApplication"</code>
使用Genymotion模拟器运行程序,可以看到获取的数据
为了方便读者查看,利用JSON Accelerator格式化一下
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">{"result" : {"sk" : { "humidity" : "58%", "wind_direction" : "西北风", "temp" : "26", "wind_strength" : "2级", "time" : "17:27"},"today" : { "temperature" : "22℃~27℃", "dressing_index" : "舒适", "dressing_advice" : "建议着长袖T恤、衬衫加单裤等服装。年老体弱者宜着针织长袖衬衫、马甲和长裤。", "uv_index" : "弱", "comfort_index" : "", "wind" : "东北风3-4 级", "weather" : "多云转阵雨", "city" : "苏州", "date_y" : "2015年09月24日", "week" : "星期四", "wash_index" : "不宜", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "01", "fb" : "03" }, "travel_index" : "较适宜", "exercise_index" : "较适宜", "drying_index" : ""},"future" : [ { "temperature" : "22℃~27℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "01", "fb" : "03" }, "wind" : "东北风3-4 级", "week" : "星期四", "date" : "20150924", "weather" : "多云转阵雨" }, { "temperature" : "21℃~26℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "03", "fb" : "01" }, "wind" : "东北风3-4 级", "week" : "星期五", "date" : "20150925", "weather" : "阵雨转多云" }, { "temperature" : "21℃~27℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "01", "fb" : "01" }, "wind" : "东北风3-4 级", "week" : "星期六", "date" : "20150926", "weather" : "多云" }, { "temperature" : "21℃~28℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "00", "fb" : "00" }, "wind" : "东北风3-4 级", "week" : "星期日", "date" : "20150927", "weather" : "晴" }, { "temperature" : "22℃~28℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "01", "fb" : "01" }, "wind" : "东风3-4 级", "week" : "星期一", "date" : "20150928", "weather" : "多云" }, { "temperature" : "22℃~28℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "01", "fb" : "03" }, "wind" : "东风3-4 级", "week" : "星期二", "date" : "20150929", "weather" : "多云转阵雨" }, { "temperature" : "20℃~25℃", "weather_id" : { "fa" : "04", "fb" : "04" }, "wind" : "东南风4-5 级", "week" : "星期三", "date" : "20150930", "weather" : "雷阵雨" } ] }, "resultcode" : "200", "reason" : "successed!", "error_code" : 0}</code>
接下来该轮到fastjson登场了,,先到http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/alibaba/fastjson/下载对应版本的jar包,或者到https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson下载源码,再导入到工程中。
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">JsonObjectRequest jsonObjectRequest = new JsonObjectRequest(Request.Method.GET, JSON_URL, null, new Response.Listener<jsonobject>() { @Override public void onResponse(JSONObject jsonObject) { try { textView.setText(jsonObject.toString()); com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject jsonObject1 = JSON.parseObject(jsonObject.toString()); for (Map.Entry<string object> entry : jsonObject1.entrySet()) { System.out.println(entry.getKey() + ":" + entry.getValue()); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) { Log.e(TAG, volleyError.getMessage()); } });</string></jsonobject></code>
这样,简单的数据解析就完成了。
JavaBean是符合某种规范的java组件,也就是java类,它必须满足如下特性:
我们把公司员工抽象成一个类,然后利用fastjson来解析
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">package com.djstava.fastjsondemo;/** * 包名称: com.djstava.fastjsondemo * 创建人: djstava * 创建时间: 15/9/28 上午11:07 */public class Employee { private int num; private String name; private int age; public Employee(int num, String name, int age) { this.num = num; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public void setNum(int num) { this.num = num; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public int getNum() { return num; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Employee{" + "num=" + num + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; }}</code>
在Android Studio中,可以自动生成get、set、toString这些方法,Code->Generate,快捷键是Command + N。
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">Employee employee = new Employee(1,"djstava",20);Log.e(TAG,JSON.toJSONString(employee));</code>
可以看出输出的json格式与我们类中定义的属性的顺序不一致,其实没有关系,json都是通过key去获取其对应的value的。
如果仅仅是想解析JavaBean类中某几个字段时,可以使用SimplePropertyPreFilter这个类来实现,将需要解析的字段添加进来,如将Employee类中的"num"和"name"解析出来
<code class="language-none" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;margin:0px;padding:0px;border:none;border-radius:3px;background-color:transparent;">SimplePropertyPreFilter simplePropertyPreFilter = new SimplePropertyPreFilter(Employee.class,"num","name");Log.e(TAG,JSON.toJSONString(employee,simplePropertyPreFilter));</code>
http://download.csdn.net/detail/djstavav/9144789
1、http://www.json.org/
2、https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/wiki
3、https://www.juhe.cn/docs/api/id/39