目录
[1]条件语句 if语句 switch语句 [2]循环语句 while循环 do…while循环 for循环 foreach循环条件语句
用于基于不同条件执行不同的动作
if语句
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (条件) { 当条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (条件) { 条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> { 条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;}</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (条件) { 条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;} elseif (条件) { 条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">true</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> { 条件为 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">false</span><span style="color: #000000;"> 时执行的代码;}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php</span><span style="color: #800080;">$t</span>=<span style="color: #008080;">date</span>("H"<span style="color: #000000;">);</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$t</span>) { <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Have a good morning!"<span style="color: #000000;">;} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">elseif</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$t</span>) { <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Have a good day!"<span style="color: #000000;">;} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Have a good night!"<span style="color: #000000;">;}</span>?>
switch语句
<span style="color: #0000ff;">switch</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (expression){</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span> label1:<span style="color: #000000;"> code to be executed </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> expression =<span style="color: #000000;"> label1; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span> label2:<span style="color: #000000;"> code to be executed </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> expression =<span style="color: #000000;"> label2; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">default</span>:<span style="color: #000000;"> code to be executed </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> expression is different from both label1 and label2;}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">switch</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span><span style="color: #000000;">){</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span> 1: <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Number 1"<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span> 2: <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Number 2"<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">case</span> 3: <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "Number 3"<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span><span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">default</span>: <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "No number between 1 and 3"<span style="color: #000000;">;}</span>?>
循环语句
在编写代码时，经常需要反复运行同一代码块，可以使用循环来执行这样的任务
while循环
<span style="color: #0000ff;">while</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (条件为真) { 要执行的代码;}</span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php</span><span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> = 12;<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">小宠物当前的饥饿程度</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "我饿啦:-("<span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "<br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">while</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span>){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">小宠物的饥饿程度到100，表示小宠物吃饱啦,不用继续喂了，没吃饱继续喂食</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$num</span> = <span style="color: #008080;">rand</span>(1,20);<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">随机数，模拟喂食小宠物的小面包</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> + <span style="color: #800080;">$num</span>; <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">小宠物吃小面包</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "我还没吃饱呢！"<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "<br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;}</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "终于吃饱啦^_^"<span style="color: #000000;">;</span>?>
do…while循环
循环首先会执行一次代码块，然后检查条件，如果指定条件为真，则重复循环
<span style="color: #0000ff;">do</span><span style="color: #000000;"> { 要执行的代码;} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">while</span> (条件为真);
<span style="color: #000000;">php </span><span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> = 0<span style="color: #000000;">; </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">do</span><span style="color: #000000;">{ </span><span style="color: #800080;">$num</span> = <span style="color: #008080;">rand</span>(1,6);<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取1至6的随机数，模拟掷骰子</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> = <span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> + <span style="color: #800080;">$num</span>;<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">前进步长</span> }<span style="color: #0000ff;">while</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$num</span>==6<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "do...while例子执行完毕，前进：".<span style="color: #800080;">$sum</span> ."<br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;</span>?>
for循环
for循环语句中，初始化在循环开始前无条件求值一次，循环条件在每次循环开始前求值。如果值为true，则继续循环，执行循环体语句；如果值为false,则终止循环。递增语句在每次循环后执行
<span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span><span style="color: #000000;"> (init counter; test counter; increment counter) { code to be executed;} </span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>=0; <span style="color: #800080;">$x</span>$x++<span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "数字是：<span style="color: #800080;">$x</span> <br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;} </span>?>
foreach循环
foreach循环只适用于数组，用于遍历数组中每个键/值对。每进行一次循环迭代，当前数组元素的值就会被赋值给$value变量，并且数组指针会逐一移动，直到到达最后一个数组元素。一般有两种方式：不取下标、取下标
[1]只取值，不取下标
<span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$array</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { code to be executed;} </span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php </span><span style="color: #800080;">$colors</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span>("red","green","blue","yellow"<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$colors</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> "<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span> <br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;}</span>?>
[2]同时取下标和值
<span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$array</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$index</span> => <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { code to be executed;} </span>
<span style="color: #000000;">php </span><span style="color: #800080;">$colors</span> = <span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">( </span>"r"=>"red", "g"=>"green", "b"=>"blue", "y"=>"yellow"<span style="color: #000000;">); </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span> (<span style="color: #800080;">$colors</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$key</span> => <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">) { </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$key</span>.":".<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span>."<br>"<span style="color: #000000;">;}</span>?>
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