오류: Python 패키지 설치 시 외부 관리 환경

Symptoms

I attempted to install a Python package using this command.

pip3 install [package-name]

And then this error was thrown.

Description

• Two types of Python are used in a single MacOS machine - User-specific and System-wide packages.
• System-wide packages are shared by all the users, and even system package managers like apt. Installing user-specific packages as system-wide packages is very dangerous because it can conflict with system package managers if they run some Python scripts.

Solution

1. Create path/.config/pip/pip.conf and type this script.
   

   [global]
   break-system-packages = true
   user = true
   

2. Install pipenv to manage dependencies per project. The pip.conf file let the command run with --break-system-packages and --user options.
   

   pip3 install pipenv
   

3. Run a file with the all project dependencies in a virtual environment
   

   pipenv run python [file-name] .py
   

4. Otherwise, you could run up a virtual environment instance and run the python file.
   

   pipenv shell
   python [file-name].py
   

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