Java에서, Regex 또는 정규 표현식은 문자열을 검색, 조작 및 편집하기 위한 패턴을 정의하는 데 도움이 되는 응용 프로그램 인터페이스입니다. Java 정규식은 비밀번호 및 이메일 검증에 널리 사용됩니다. 이러한 표현식은 java.util.regex 패키지에서 제공되며 1개의 인터페이스와 3개의 클래스로 구성됩니다.
세 가지 수업은 다음과 같습니다.
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Java Regex에는 정규식의 일치 작업 결과를 결정하는 데 도움이 되는 MatchResultInterface라는 인터페이스가 하나 있습니다.
프로그램의 도움을 받아 Java에서 정규식을 작성하는 방법을 살펴보겠습니다.
코드:
//Java program to demonstrate regular expressions import java.util.regex.*; public class RegExamples { public static void main(String args[]){ String A = " Happiness is " + " within yourself"; String B = ".*within.*"; // checks whether the string A contains the word 'within' and stores the result in matchcheck boolean matchcheck = Pattern.matches(B, A); //prints the result System.out.println("Is there any string 'within' in the text ? \n " + matchcheck); } }
출력:
정규식에는 일반적으로 사용되는 메서드가 3가지 있습니다.
인덱스 메소드는 입력으로 제공된 문자열에서 일치 항목이 발견된 위치를 정확하게 표시하는 데 도움이 되는 인덱스 값을 제공합니다.
Method | Description |
start() | The previous match’s start index is returned. |
start(int group) | Given the group’s previous match operation, the subsequence is captured and returned. |
end() | The offset after matching the last character is returned. |
End(int group) | Given the group’s previous match operation, subsequence is captured and offset after matching its last character returned. |
Method | Description |
lookingAt() | Match the sequence given as input against the pattern from the beginning of the region. |
find() | Finds the next subsequence of the sequence given as input against the pattern from the beginning of the region. |
find(int start) | Resets the matcher and then finds the next subsequence of the sequence given as input against the specified index pattern. |
matches() | Matches content against the pattern. |
방법
Method | Description |
appendReplacement(StringBuffer s, String replacement) | A non-terminal append and replacement step will be implemented. |
appendTail(StringBuffer s) | A terminal append and replacement step will be implemented. |
replaceAll(String replacement) | Replace all subsequence of the sequence given as input that matches against the pattern with a replacement string. |
quoteReplacement(String s) | A literal replacement string will be returned for the mentioned string. |
replaceFirst(String replacement) | Replace the first subsequence of the sequence given as input that matches the pattern with a replacement string. |
There are several ways in which a regular expression can be defined.
Suppose a string “hai” has to be searched in the text “hai”.
It can be done using syntax.
Pattern.matches("hai", "hai")
It matches every single character in the text given as input against multiple permitted characters in the character class.
The following are the various class constructs.
Character Class | Explanation |
[pqr] | Matches the text if it contains either p, q or r, and it should be only once. |
[^pqr] | ^ denotes the negation, and due to that, here, single character except for p, q, or r are taken. |
[a-zA-Z] | a to z and A to Z are considered. |
[a-d[p-s]] | a to d, or p to s. |
[a-dm-p] | Union of both ranges. |
[a-z&&[pqr]] | a to z and (p, q or r). |
[a-z&&[^pq]] | a to z and also, p, q are not considered. |
[ad-z] | Performs the subtraction. |
[a-z&&[^m-p]] | a to z and not m to p. |
Metacharacters act like shortcodes in the regular expression.
The following are some of the metacharacters commonly used.
Regular Expression | Explanation |
\d | Any digit from 0 to 9. It can be written as [0-9] as well. |
\D | Any non-digit from 0 to 9. It can be written as [^0-9] as well. |
\s | Whitespace character or [\t\n\x0B\f\r]. |
\S | Non whitespace character or [^\s]. |
\w | Word character or [a-zA-Z_0-9]. |
\W | Non-word character or [^\w]. |
\b | Word boundary. |
\B | Non-word boundary. |
Quantifiers mention the count of occurrence of each character to match against the string.
Regular Expression | Explanation |
a? | It occurs once or not at all. |
A* | A occurs 0 or more times. |
A+ | A occurs 1 or more times. |
A{n} | A occurs exactly n times. |
A{n,} | A occurs n or more than that. |
A{n,m} | A occurs at least n times, but it should not be more than m times. |
Now, let us see a java program with the above-mentioned regular expressions.
Code:
//Java program to demonstrate regular expressions import java.util.regex.*; public class RegExamples { public static void main(String args[]){ String str="hai"; // Returns true if string 1 matches string 2 System.out.println("Returns true if 'hai' matches 'Hai' :"+ Pattern.matches(str, "Hai")); //False //Returns true if Hai or hai matches parameter 2 System.out.println("Returns true if 'Hai' or 'hai' matches 'Hai' : "+ Pattern.matches("[Hh]ai", "Hai")); //True // Returns true if the string matches exactly "ann" or "Ann" or "jak" or "Jak" System.out.println("Returns true if the string matches exactly 'ann' or 'Ann' or 'jak' or 'Jak' with 'Ann' : "+ Pattern.matches("[aA]nn|[jJ]ak", "Ann"));//True //returns true if the string contains "with" at any place in the string System.out.println("returns true if the string contains 'with' in the string 'within' : " + Pattern.matches(".*with.*", "within"));//True // returns true if the '9448anna' does not have number in the beginning System.out.println( "returns true if the '9448anna' does not have number in the beginning : "+ Pattern.matches("^[^\\d].*", "9448anna")); //False System.out.println("returns true if the '9448anna' does not have number in the beginning : " + Pattern.matches("^[^\\d].*", "anna9448")); //True } }
Output:
Java Regular Expressions are widely used for real-time applications such as password and email verification. These expressions are APIs that define patterns and offer searching, editing, and several other operations in the string.
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