MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA_MySQL

MariaDB

bitsCN.com 利用keepalived构建高可用MySQL-HA，保证两台MySQL数据的一致性，然后用keepalived实现虚拟VIP，通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。 硬件拓扑如下： VIP：192.168.1.200mysql1:192.168.1.201mysql2:192.168.1.202 操作系统：CentOS release 6.3（32位）MySQL版本：MariaDB 5.5.31 Stable下载地址(64位请下载64版本)：https://downloads.mariadb.org/f/mariadb-5.5.31/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.31.tar.gz/from/http:/mirrors.scie.in/mariadbKeepalived版本：Version 1.2.7下载地址：http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz 一、配置Centos运行环境： 执行：rpm -qa|grep mysqlrpm -e mysqlyum -y remove mysql-server mysqlyum -y remove php-mysql移除系统自带的mysql yum -y install yum-fastestmirroryum -y update更新系统软件； rm -rf /etc/localtimeln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime yum install -y ntpntpdate -d cn.pool.ntp.orgdate设置时区并同步系统时间 #Disable SeLinuxif [ -s /etc/selinux/config ]; thensed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/configfildconfig关闭安全增强 cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf>/etc/sysctl.conf二、安装maridDB： 1、下载相关软件源码包[root@localhost down]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.org/f/mariadb-5.5.31/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.31.tar.gz/from/http:/mirrors.scie.in/mariadb  2、配置编译器，提高性能CFLAGS="-O3"CXX=gccCXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" 3、开始安装mariadb添加mysql用户和用户组[root@localhost down]# groupadd mysql[root@localhost down]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql 解压mariadb[root@localhost down]# tar -zxvf mariadb-5.5.31[root@localhost down]# cd mariadb-5.5.31 安装到/usr/local/mariamysql目录：[root@localhost down]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariamysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci   -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DFEATURE_SET=community -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF && make && make install 复制配置文件到/etc/my.cnf[root@localhost down]# cp /usr/local/mariamysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf 设置mariamysql为系统服务[root@localhost down]# cp /usr/local/mariamysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariamysql 初始化mariaDB数据库：[root@localhost down]# /usr/local/mariamysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mariamysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mariamysql/data/ --user=mysql 至此mariaDB安装完成。 三、keepalived安装： 1、下载源码包：wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
 2、安装：[root@localhost down]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz[root@localhost down]# cd keepalived-1.2.7 [root@localhost keepalived-1.2.7]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived 安装到/usr/local/keepalived目录下;至此keepalived安装完毕。  四、分别在201和202两台机器上都重复二，三安装好mariaDB和keepalived。  五、配置201数据库服务器： 1、设置mariaDB数据库配置文件：[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/my.cnf 确保/etc/my.cnf中有如下参数，没有的话需手工添加，并重启mysql服务。[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #启动二进制文件
server-id=1 #服务器ID设置完毕启动mariaDB服务器 [root@localhost /]# service mariamysql start 2、登录mysql,然后在增加一个账号专门用于同步，如下：[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/mariamysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p  #初始密码为空到Enter password:处直接回车即可

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.1.202' identified by 'backup'; flush privileges;

显示master状态：MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; 记录下File和Position然后在202上面设置从201同步。 
六、配置202数据库服务器： [root@localhost /]# vi /etc/my.cnf 确保/etc/my.cnf中有如下参数，没有的话需手工添加，并重启mysql服务。[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #启动二进制文件
server-id=10（此处要设置的跟201不同）#服务器ID 设置完毕启动mariaDB服务器。[root@localhost /]# service mariamysql start登录数据库：[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/mariamysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 输入：MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000010',master_log_pos=245;注意：245对应上面在201上面记下的Position,mysql-bin.000010对应201上面记录的File 执行成功后，输入命令显示从库状态：MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status /G;
 Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes两项都显示Yes时说明从201同步数据成功。至此201为主202为从的主从架构数据设置成功！ 七、设置201和202互为主从: 1、202机器上增加一个帐号专门用于同步数据：MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.1.201' identified by 'backup'; flush privileges; 2、显示202做为主库时的状态：MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; 3、在201数据库服务器上：MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',master_log_pos=5005;注意：5005对应上面在202上面记下的Position,mysql-bin.000005对应202上面记录的File显示状态：MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status /G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes两项都显示Yes时说明从202同步数据成功。至此201、202互为主从设置成功！ 可以试试在这两台服务器上任何一台增加一个数据库，并建个表，增加一些数据看看，互为主从同步的状态是否成功！首先在201上面：MariaDB [(none)]> create database mysqltest;MariaDB [(none)]> use mysqltest;MariaDB [mysqltest]> create table user(id int(5),name char(10));MariaDB [mysqltest]> insert into user values (00001,'zhangsan');在202上面验证一下：MariaDB [(none)]> use mysqltest;MariaDB [mysqltest]> select * from user;会发现201上面的数据已经自动同步到202上面了同样在202上面:MariaDB [mysqltest]> insert into user values (00002,'wander'); 在201上面验证一下：MariaDB [mysqltest]> select * from user; 互为主从结构设置完毕 注意：如果同步不成功，首先要确保服务器3306端口打开的。centos可以用service iptables stop关闭防火墙。 八、利用keepalived实现高可用 keepalived实现虚拟IP，通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换； 1、keepalived设置：201服务器上面，编辑keeplaived.conf配置文件：[root@localhost /]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf配置文件内容如下:! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id mysql-ha
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 201
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    nopreempt
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 60
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {
        weight 1
        notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 2
            delay_before_retry 1
        }
    }
}
~                           编辑mysql服务停止后的切换脚本：mysql.sh[root@localhost /]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh内容如下：#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived 2、启动201上面的keepalived[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf -D查看：启动成功后会有三个keepalived进程 此是在任一局域机器上面ping 192.168.1.200发现已经可以ping通，并且用192.168.1.200这个IP也能够连接到数据库服务器。 3、在202机器上面重复1、2步骤；配置keepalived.conf文件的时候注意要把 real_server 192.168.1.201 3306改为 real_server 192.168.1.202 3306virtual_router_id 201 改为virtual_router_id 202 至此MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA设置完毕。可以试着把201上面的mariaDB停止 [root@localhost /]# service mariamysql stop;会发现连接192.168.1.200还是可以连接上去的,keepalived会自动切换到202的服务器上面去。这样，当一台数据库服务器发生故障时，另一台服务器可以立即切换过来，保证高可用。bitsCN.com