Pythonでのファイルの完全バックアップと差分バックアップについて詳しく解説

Python实现文件的全备份和差异备份

之前有写利用md5方式来做差异备份，但是这种md5方式来写存在以下问题：

md5sum获取有些软连接的MD5值存在问题

不支持对空目录进行备份，因为md5sum无法获取空目录的md5值

权限的修改md5sum无法判断

解决方案：

利用文件的mtime ctime

mtime（Modified time）是在写入文件时随文件内容的更改而更改的

ctime（Create time）是在写入文件、更改所有者、权限或链接设置时随Inode的内容更改而更改的

废话不多说直接上代码：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import time,os,sys,cPickle
fileInfo = {}
def logger(time,fileName,status,fileNum):
  f = open('backup.log','a')
  f.write("%s\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\n" % (time,fileName,status,fileNum))
def tar(sDir,dDir,fileNum):
  command = "tar zcf %s %s >/dev/null 2>&1" % (dDir + ".tar.gz",sDir)
  if os.system(command) == 0:
    logger(time.strftime('%F %X'),dDir + ".tar.gz",'success',fileNum)
  else:
    logger(time.strftime('%F %X'),dDir + ".tar.gz",'failed',fileNum)
def fullBak(path):
  fileNum = 0
  for root,dirs,files in os.walk(path):
    for name in files:
      file = os.path.join(root, name)
      mtime = os.path.getmtime(file)
      ctime = os.path.getctime(file)
      fileInfo[file] = (mtime,ctime)
      fileNum += 1
  f = open(P,'w')
  cPickle.dump(fileInfo,f)
  f.close()
  tar(S,D,fileNum)
def diffBak(path):
  for root,dirs,files in os.walk(path):
    for name in files:
      file = os.path.join(root,name)
      mtime = os.path.getmtime(file)
      ctime = os.path.getctime(file)
      fileInfo[file] = (mtime,ctime)
  if os.path.isfile(P) == 0:
    f = open(P,'w')
    f.close()
  if os.stat(P).st_size == 0:
    f = open(P,'w')
    cPickle.dump(fileInfo,f)
    fileNum = len(fileInfo.keys())
    f.close()
    print fileNum
    tar(S,D,fileNum)
  else:
    f = open(P)
    old_fileInfo = cPickle.load(f)
    f.close()
    difference = dict(set(fileInfo.items())^set(old_fileInfo.items()))
    fileNum = len(difference)
    print fileNum
    difference_file = ' '.join(difference.keys())
    print difference_file
    tar(difference_file,D,fileNum)
    f = open(P,'w')
    cPickle.dump(fileInfo,f)
    f.close()
def Usage():
  print '''
    Syntax: python file_bakcup.py pickle_file model source_dir filename_bk
      model: 1:Full backup 2:Differential backup
    example: python file_backup.py fileinfo.pk 2 /etc etc_$(date +%F)
      explain: Automatically add '.tar.gz' suffix
  '''
  sys.exit()
if len(sys.argv) != 5:
  Usage()
P = sys.argv[1]
M = int(sys.argv[2])
S = sys.argv[3]
D = sys.argv[4]
if M == 1:
  fullBak(S)
elif M == 2:
  diffBak(S)
else:
  print "\033[;31mDoes not support this mode\033[0m"
  Usage()

测试：

$ python file_backup.py data.pk 1 data data_$(date +%F) #全备份
$ > data/www.linuxeye.com #测试创建文件，修改文件权限
$ chmod 777 data/py/eshop_bk/data.db
$ python file_backup.py data.pk 2 data data_$(date +%F)_1 #备份改变的文件
2
data/py/eshop_bk/data.db data/www.linuxeye.com

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